{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4214852082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3155634","title":"Extending the Detection Range for Low-Channel Roadside LiDAR by Static Background Construction","display_name":"Extending the Detection Range for Low-Channel Roadside LiDAR by Static Background Construction","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4214852082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3155634"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3155634","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3155634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063077652","display_name":"Hui Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-8353"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hui Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Traffic Information and Control Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Traffic Information and Control Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085684065","display_name":"Ciyun Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9098-2666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ciyun Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Traffic Information and Control Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Traffic Information and Control Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089417203","display_name":"Bowen Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8612-3727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bowen Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Traffic Information and Control Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Traffic Information and Control Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101917348","display_name":"Dayong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5438-5565"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dayong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M Transportation Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA","M Transportation Institute, Texas A&#x0026","Texas A&#x0026"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M Transportation Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"M Transportation Institute, Texas A&#x0026","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&#x0026","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063077652"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9386,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90965297,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.8125861883163452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6857560873031616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5937284231185913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5058283805847168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47428804636001587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3555148243904114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.30593764781951904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17215430736541748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13607341051101685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.12437629699707031}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.8125861883163452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6857560873031616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5937284231185913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5058283805847168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47428804636001587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3555148243904114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.30593764781951904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17215430736541748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13607341051101685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.12437629699707031}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3155634","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3155634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G216209504","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51408257","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2519965477","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101832020CX150","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322300","funder_display_name":"Jilin University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6892591830","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JJKH20221020KJ","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326270","funder_display_name":"Education Department of Jilin Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322300","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326270","display_name":"Education Department of Jilin Province","ror":"https://ror.org/05782e512"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1986354916","https://openalex.org/W1994114209","https://openalex.org/W1997654368","https://openalex.org/W2014942188","https://openalex.org/W2115579991","https://openalex.org/W2417447115","https://openalex.org/W2460157116","https://openalex.org/W2490270993","https://openalex.org/W2531915888","https://openalex.org/W2560609797","https://openalex.org/W2786036844","https://openalex.org/W2794631752","https://openalex.org/W2798777114","https://openalex.org/W2798965597","https://openalex.org/W2909746114","https://openalex.org/W2940136496","https://openalex.org/W2945926083","https://openalex.org/W2963121255","https://openalex.org/W2963315052","https://openalex.org/W2963727135","https://openalex.org/W2965729147","https://openalex.org/W2970673508","https://openalex.org/W2970989361","https://openalex.org/W2996832797","https://openalex.org/W3008128075","https://openalex.org/W3029229651","https://openalex.org/W3034314779","https://openalex.org/W3034681945","https://openalex.org/W3035172746","https://openalex.org/W3040710053","https://openalex.org/W3088821986","https://openalex.org/W3092605810","https://openalex.org/W3093583077","https://openalex.org/W3095095964","https://openalex.org/W3109442819","https://openalex.org/W3111016073","https://openalex.org/W3117877147","https://openalex.org/W3127342902","https://openalex.org/W3186292626","https://openalex.org/W6739778489","https://openalex.org/W6747827861"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4319837668","https://openalex.org/W4308071650","https://openalex.org/W2351984678","https://openalex.org/W2140032575","https://openalex.org/W2011860471","https://openalex.org/W2012196540","https://openalex.org/W3011451421"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Further":[0],"detection":[1,29,37,203],"will":[2],"increase":[3],"traffic":[4,9,65,136,140],"safety":[5],"by":[6,31],"perceiving":[7],"unexpected":[8],"incidents":[10],"earlier,":[11],"allowing":[12],"more":[13,192],"time":[14],"to":[15,26,44,79,99,132,165,208],"make":[16],"decisions":[17],"and":[18,38,48,64,87,108,116,154,156,170,174,194,211,217,224,228],"implement":[19],"these":[20],"decisions.":[21],"Therefore,":[22],"this":[23],"article":[24],"attempts":[25],"extend":[27],"the":[28,52,81,93,101,104,109,120,134,143,167,172,183,188,235],"range":[30,39,106,204],"using":[32],"a":[33,157],"low-channel":[34],"roadside":[35],"light":[36],"sensor":[40,42],"(LiDAR)":[41],"due":[43],"its":[45],"low":[46],"price":[47],"widespread":[49],"employment":[50],"in":[51],"future.":[53],"The":[54,178,200,220],"proposed":[55,189],"method":[56,190],"contains":[57],"two":[58],"major":[59],"parts:":[60],"static":[61,69,95,184],"background":[62,70,89,96,185],"construction":[63,186],"objects":[66,141,146],"detection.":[67],"For":[68,114,138],"construction,":[71],"successive":[72],"point":[73,169,197],"cloud":[74,198],"frames":[75],"data":[76],"were":[77,147],"used":[78,131,164],"cover":[80],"most":[82],"LiDAR":[83],"scanning":[84],"horizontal–vertical":[85],"angle":[86],"obtain":[88],"information":[90],"ultimately.":[91],"Furthermore,":[92],"constructed":[94],"was":[97,130,163],"optimized":[98],"reduce":[100],"missing":[102],"of":[103,111,124,145],"far":[105],"points":[107],"occurrence":[110],"noise":[112,127,168],"points.":[113,177],"vehicle":[115,173],"road":[117,175],"user":[118,176],"detection,":[119,142],"density-based":[121],"spatial":[122],"clustering":[123],"applications":[125],"with":[126,187],"(DBSCAN)":[128],"algorithm":[129,162],"identify":[133,171],"near-range":[135],"objects.":[137],"far-range":[139],"trajectories":[144],"extracted":[148],"based":[149],"on":[150],"their":[151],"moving":[152],"direction":[153],"distance,":[155],"fast":[158],"Fourier":[159],"transform":[160],"(FFT)":[161],"filter":[166],"experimental":[179],"results":[180],"show":[181],"that":[182],"is":[191],"effective":[193],"uses":[195],"fewer":[196],"data.":[199],"average":[201,221],"maximum":[202],"can":[205],"be":[206],"up":[207],"100,":[209,210],"85":[212],"m":[213],"for":[214],"vehicles,":[215],"cyclists,":[216],"pedestrians,":[218],"respectively.":[219],"precision":[222],"(AP)":[223],"recall":[225],"are":[226,232],"95.71%":[227],"90.62%,":[229],"respectively,":[230],"which":[231],"better":[233],"than":[234],"previous":[236],"studies.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}