{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4225717283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3152516","title":"Decomposing Satellite-Based Classification Uncertainties in Large Earth Science Datasets","display_name":"Decomposing Satellite-Based Classification Uncertainties in Large Earth Science Datasets","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4225717283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3152516"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3152516","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3152516","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056045899","display_name":"Pedro Ortiz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8887-7178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35364215","display_name":"Naval Postgraduate School","ror":"https://ror.org/033yfkj90","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I3130687028","https://openalex.org/I35364215"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Ortiz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8887-7178","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35364215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028141842","display_name":"Marko Orescanin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3305-8412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35364215","display_name":"Naval Postgraduate School","ror":"https://ror.org/033yfkj90","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I3130687028","https://openalex.org/I35364215"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marko Orescanin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3305-8412","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35364215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061217742","display_name":"Veljko Petkovi\u0107","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144776","display_name":"Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center","ror":"https://ror.org/042607708","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144776","https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Veljko Petkovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC), Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1850-3090","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC), Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144776","https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032104496","display_name":"Scott W. Powell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0306-8401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35364215","display_name":"Naval Postgraduate School","ror":"https://ror.org/033yfkj90","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I3130687028","https://openalex.org/I35364215"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott W. Powell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0306-8401","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35364215"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005689319","display_name":"Benjamin R. Marsh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7450-6686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35364215","display_name":"Naval Postgraduate School","ror":"https://ror.org/033yfkj90","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I3130687028","https://openalex.org/I35364215"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Marsh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7450-6686","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35364215"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6099,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89252242,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6562371253967285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.4997992515563965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.49927568435668945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.49131765961647034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4844917953014374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/numerical-weather-prediction","display_name":"Numerical weather prediction","score":0.4525354504585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.44656142592430115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4332144260406494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weather-forecasting","display_name":"Weather forecasting","score":0.43199318647384644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.35257983207702637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.300717294216156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.29324695467948914}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6562371253967285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.4997992515563965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.49927568435668945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.49131765961647034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4844917953014374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147947694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837552","display_name":"Numerical weather prediction","level":2,"score":0.4525354504585266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.44656142592430115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4332144260406494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21001229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182868","display_name":"Weather forecasting","level":2,"score":0.43199318647384644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35257983207702637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.300717294216156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.29324695467948914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3152516","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3152516","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4530223401","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N0001421WX00575","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5330321839","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NA19NES4320002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","funder_display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310578","display_name":"University of Maryland","ror":"https://ror.org/01r0c1p88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W139044672","https://openalex.org/W1535027274","https://openalex.org/W2059710402","https://openalex.org/W2111959010","https://openalex.org/W2225156818","https://openalex.org/W2262443283","https://openalex.org/W2302255633","https://openalex.org/W2348385068","https://openalex.org/W2559655401","https://openalex.org/W2560821854","https://openalex.org/W2763874154","https://openalex.org/W2809113079","https://openalex.org/W2951266961","https://openalex.org/W2963223306","https://openalex.org/W2965563166","https://openalex.org/W2972808069","https://openalex.org/W2994795100","https://openalex.org/W3037484309","https://openalex.org/W3102923495","https://openalex.org/W3128002121","https://openalex.org/W4212774754","https://openalex.org/W4254405095","https://openalex.org/W6638836233","https://openalex.org/W6676315081","https://openalex.org/W6704916166","https://openalex.org/W6735374517","https://openalex.org/W6735443497","https://openalex.org/W6747657013","https://openalex.org/W6757074599","https://openalex.org/W6764214684","https://openalex.org/W6765560323","https://openalex.org/W6771412588","https://openalex.org/W6780234213"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3081577063","https://openalex.org/W3110237217","https://openalex.org/W4405031167","https://openalex.org/W2184710923","https://openalex.org/W3133000293","https://openalex.org/W3155716677","https://openalex.org/W2526518095","https://openalex.org/W2321020009","https://openalex.org/W4383218913","https://openalex.org/W4315472244"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Collection":[0],"of":[1,31,51,54,106,109,121,161,195,232],"increasingly":[2],"voluminous":[3],"multispectral":[4],"data":[5,218,221,234],"from":[6,111],"multiple":[7],"instruments":[8],"with":[9,34,125,191],"high":[10,35,212],"spatial":[11],"resolution":[12,37],"has":[13],"posed":[14],"both":[15,72],"an":[16,67,99,241],"opportunity":[17],"and":[18,26,45,60,80,114,118,134,141,220,223],"a":[19,47,155,233],"challenge":[20],"for":[21,40,49,158,208,240],"maximizing":[22],"their":[23],"utilization,":[24],"analysis,":[25,219],"impact.":[27],"Obtaining":[28],"accurate":[29],"estimates":[30],"precipitation":[32,78,150,172,180,182],"globally":[33],"temporal":[36],"is":[38,91],"crucial":[39],"assessing":[41],"multiscale":[42],"hydrologic":[43],"impacts":[44],"providing":[46,196],"constraint":[48],"development":[50],"numerical":[52],"models":[53,228],"the":[55,73,129,135,139,192,238],"atmosphere":[56],"that":[57],"provide":[58],"weather":[59,85],"climate":[61],"predictions.":[62],"Precipitation":[63,88],"type":[64,151],"classification":[65,152],"plays":[66],"important":[68],"role":[69],"in":[70,76,244],"constraining":[71],"inverse":[74],"problem":[75],"satellite":[77],"retrievals":[79],"latent":[81],"heat":[82],"transfer":[83],"within":[84],"prediction":[86],"simulations.":[87],"type,":[89,183],"however,":[90],"often":[92],"reported":[93],"deterministically,":[94],"without":[95],"uncertainty":[96,200,213],"attached":[97],"to":[98,128,153,169,178,187],"estimate.":[100],"Machine":[101],"learning":[102],"techniques":[103],"are":[104],"capable":[105],"extracting":[107],"content":[108],"interest":[110],"large":[112],"datasets":[113],"accurately":[115],"retrieving":[116],"discrete":[117],"continuous":[119],"properties":[120],"physical":[122,136],"systems,":[123],"but":[124,190],"limited":[126],"insights":[127],"retrieval":[130],"components\u2014such":[131],"as":[132,206,237],"errors":[133,160],"relationship":[137],"between":[138],"observed":[140],"retrieved":[142],"properties.":[143],"To":[144],"address":[145],"this":[146],"shortcoming,":[147],"we":[148,202],"perform":[149,185],"introduce":[154],"novel":[156],"tool":[157],"decomposing":[159],"satellite-retrieved":[162],"products.":[163],"We":[164],"use":[165],"Bayesian":[166,227],"neural":[167],"networks":[168],"map":[170],"global":[171],"measurement":[173],"mission":[174],"microwave":[175],"imager":[176],"observations":[177],"dual-frequency":[179],"radar-derived":[181],"which":[184],"comparably":[186],"deterministic":[188],"models,":[189],"added":[193],"benefit":[194],"well-calibrated":[197,204],"uncertainties.":[198],"Through":[199],"decomposition,":[201],"demonstrate":[203],"uncertainties":[205],"useful":[207],"making":[209],"decisions":[210],"concerning":[211],"predictions,":[214],"model":[215,245],"selection,":[216],"targeted":[217],"collection":[222],"processing.":[224],"Additionally,":[225],"our":[226],"enable":[229],"mathematical":[230],"confirmation":[231],"distribution":[235],"change":[236],"cause":[239],"unacceptable":[242],"decline":[243],"accuracy.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
