{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210705116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3144286","title":"Enhancement of Metasurface Aperture Microwave Imaging via Information-Theoretic Waveform Optimization","display_name":"Enhancement of Metasurface Aperture Microwave Imaging via Information-Theoretic Waveform Optimization","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210705116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3144286"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3144286","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3144286","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036145098","display_name":"Fengzhou Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2166-2516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengzhou Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2166-2516","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shuo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1988-2563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1988-2563","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100408793","display_name":"Long Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0472-7314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of High Speed Circuit Design and EMC, Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0472-7314","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of High Speed Circuit Design and EMC, Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100411968","display_name":"Hongwei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4046-163X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongwei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4046-163X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.792,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64754935,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.887406587600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-imaging","display_name":"Microwave imaging","score":0.7391527891159058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6758285164833069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5961349010467529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.5844108462333679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.44451698660850525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutual-information","display_name":"Mutual information","score":0.430914044380188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aperture","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","score":0.4156954884529114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.27967360615730286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.26418185234069824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.25343185663223267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19946250319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1514708399772644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13710713386535645}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.887406587600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17010029","display_name":"Microwave imaging","level":3,"score":0.7391527891159058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6758285164833069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5961349010467529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.5844108462333679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.44451698660850525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152139883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252973","display_name":"Mutual information","level":2,"score":0.430914044380188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78336883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4779385","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","level":2,"score":0.4156954884529114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.27967360615730286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.26418185234069824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25343185663223267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19946250319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1514708399772644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13710713386535645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3144286","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3144286","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3355773765","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u5b54\u5f84\u96f7\u8fbe\u8ba4\u77e5\u6210\u50cf\u4e0e\u63a2\u6d4b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61671359","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1789544949","https://openalex.org/W1840522340","https://openalex.org/W1905668838","https://openalex.org/W1968367053","https://openalex.org/W2014094736","https://openalex.org/W2019236124","https://openalex.org/W2022265006","https://openalex.org/W2043906693","https://openalex.org/W2053000440","https://openalex.org/W2062131753","https://openalex.org/W2074873696","https://openalex.org/W2078257532","https://openalex.org/W2088213824","https://openalex.org/W2118761136","https://openalex.org/W2122548617","https://openalex.org/W2138356751","https://openalex.org/W2155684415","https://openalex.org/W2167404137","https://openalex.org/W2180703727","https://openalex.org/W2337983450","https://openalex.org/W2339438151","https://openalex.org/W2351660952","https://openalex.org/W2354949621","https://openalex.org/W2368505379","https://openalex.org/W2402780895","https://openalex.org/W2478138006","https://openalex.org/W2501532923","https://openalex.org/W2513488761","https://openalex.org/W2520066256","https://openalex.org/W2520074218","https://openalex.org/W2581737790","https://openalex.org/W2590841683","https://openalex.org/W2739070570","https://openalex.org/W2742185905","https://openalex.org/W2754743835","https://openalex.org/W2769023261","https://openalex.org/W2792258524","https://openalex.org/W2802181084","https://openalex.org/W2901153609","https://openalex.org/W2910198230","https://openalex.org/W2919338369","https://openalex.org/W2940665096","https://openalex.org/W3003550232","https://openalex.org/W3034845649","https://openalex.org/W3159137032","https://openalex.org/W4211119455","https://openalex.org/W4250955649","https://openalex.org/W4301014524"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974895211","https://openalex.org/W2129841057","https://openalex.org/W3040712279","https://openalex.org/W2176409448","https://openalex.org/W2364769705","https://openalex.org/W2056136368","https://openalex.org/W2374664672","https://openalex.org/W2466816617","https://openalex.org/W4367555392","https://openalex.org/W2902671820"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Computational":[0],"microwave":[1,20],"imaging":[2,21,57,121,137,141,146],"with":[3,76],"frequency-diverse":[4],"metasurface":[5],"(FDM)":[6],"apertures":[7],"is":[8,62,85,96,110],"an":[9,17],"emerging":[10],"technology.":[11],"In":[12],"this":[13],"article,":[14],"we":[15],"establish":[16],"experimental":[18,119],"FDM":[19,41,56,120,145],"system":[22],"and":[23,72,81],"address":[24],"the":[25,31,37,40,49,55,66,70,73,77,82,89,93,105,113,117,127,136,140,144],"waveform":[26,44,61,107,129],"design":[27,45,108,130],"problem":[28],"based":[29,47],"on":[30,48],"information":[32,68,95],"theory,":[33],"aiming":[34],"to":[35],"enhance":[36],"advantages":[38],"of":[39,104,134,143],"imaging.":[42],"Two":[43],"methods":[46,109,131],"different":[50],"criteria":[51],"are":[52,132],"proposed":[53,106,128],"for":[54],"system.":[58,122,147],"The":[59,102,123],"first":[60],"designed":[63,86],"by":[64,87,112,116],"maximizing":[65],"mutual":[67,94],"between":[69],"object":[71],"measured":[74],"data":[75,114],"constant":[78],"transmitted":[79,90],"energy,":[80],"second":[83],"one":[84],"minimizing":[88],"energy":[91],"while":[92],"not":[97],"less":[98],"than":[99],"a":[100],"threshold.":[101],"performance":[103],"evaluated":[111],"gathered":[115],"self-established":[118],"results":[124],"show":[125],"that":[126],"capable":[133],"improving":[135],"quality":[138],"or":[139],"efficiency":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
