{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206387760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3142996","title":"Refined Multifrequency Interferometric SAR Phase Unwrapping for Extremely Steep Terrain","display_name":"Refined Multifrequency Interferometric SAR Phase Unwrapping for Extremely Steep Terrain","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206387760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3142996"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3142996","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3142996","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006501128","display_name":"Zegang Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2967-4936"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50632499","display_name":"Chongqing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04vgbd477","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50632499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zegang Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radar Research Laboratory, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing, China","Beijing Key Laboratory of Embedded Real-Time Information Processing Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2967-4936","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radar Research Laboratory, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I50632499"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Embedded Real-Time Information Processing Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101800679","display_name":"Zhen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8025-4398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radar Research Laboratory, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radar Research Laboratory, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065430171","display_name":"Yan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2540-5824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50632499","display_name":"Chongqing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04vgbd477","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50632499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radar Research Laboratory, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing, China","Beijing Key Laboratory of Embedded Real-Time Information Processing Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2540-5824","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radar Research Laboratory, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I50632499"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Embedded Real-Time Information Processing Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026030396","display_name":"Xinnong Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinnong Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radar Research Laboratory, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radar Research Laboratory, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079283667","display_name":"Minkun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5847-5653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minkun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radar Research Laboratory, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5847-5653","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radar Research Laboratory, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100684228","display_name":"Tao Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2513-6014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50632499","display_name":"Chongqing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04vgbd477","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50632499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radar Research Laboratory, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing, China","Beijing Key Laboratory of Embedded Real-Time Information Processing Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2513-6014","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radar Research Laboratory, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I50632499"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Embedded Real-Time Information Processing Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080286002","display_name":"Tiandong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2808-9695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiandong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Remote Sensing Equipment, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2808-9695","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Remote Sensing Equipment, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8218,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91763607,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometric-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","score":0.8492108583450317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.7531850337982178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6922684907913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometry","display_name":"Interferometry","score":0.6700862646102905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5900903344154358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5811781883239746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5268693566322327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-elevation-model","display_name":"Digital elevation model","score":0.49960803985595703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.4837625026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.46957799792289734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.4694760739803314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4185028672218323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.34294945001602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.18288639187812805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.157247394323349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1451733410358429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10001048445701599}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22286887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666056","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","level":3,"score":0.8492108583450317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.7531850337982178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6922684907913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.6700862646102905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5900903344154358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5811781883239746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5268693566322327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181843262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640492","display_name":"Digital elevation model","level":2,"score":0.49960803985595703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.4837625026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.46957799792289734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4694760739803314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4185028672218323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34294945001602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.18288639187812805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.157247394323349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1451733410358429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10001048445701599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3142996","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3142996","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2511721429","display_name":"Ka\u6ce2\u6bb5\u661f\u8f7d\u5927\u659c\u89c6\u573a\u666f\u5339\u914dSAR\u6210\u50cf\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61971042","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3015886338","display_name":"\u6708\u7403\u4e0e\u8fd1\u5730\u5c0f\u5929\u4f53\u7684\u5730\u57fa\u96f7\u8fbe\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u6210\u50cf\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"11833001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6996062878","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u5c04\u7535\u5929\u6587\u671b\u8fdc\u955c\u7684\u591a\u57fa\u5730\u96f7\u8fbe\u5929\u4f53\u4e09\u7ef4\u6210\u50cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61931002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1564262983","https://openalex.org/W1664679337","https://openalex.org/W1912095220","https://openalex.org/W1988860508","https://openalex.org/W2007926043","https://openalex.org/W2009790728","https://openalex.org/W2016706860","https://openalex.org/W2042465044","https://openalex.org/W2061577342","https://openalex.org/W2077117479","https://openalex.org/W2079299474","https://openalex.org/W2091764829","https://openalex.org/W2098886234","https://openalex.org/W2099244020","https://openalex.org/W2103071976","https://openalex.org/W2103459585","https://openalex.org/W2112075713","https://openalex.org/W2125267343","https://openalex.org/W2129206142","https://openalex.org/W2141300959","https://openalex.org/W2142578517","https://openalex.org/W2146125743","https://openalex.org/W2147559054","https://openalex.org/W2152185946","https://openalex.org/W2155616886","https://openalex.org/W2158901733","https://openalex.org/W2163320322","https://openalex.org/W2165180801","https://openalex.org/W2168596497","https://openalex.org/W2169056443","https://openalex.org/W2189912536","https://openalex.org/W2289536622","https://openalex.org/W2325276408","https://openalex.org/W2334723365","https://openalex.org/W2345205345","https://openalex.org/W2606489638","https://openalex.org/W2738804973","https://openalex.org/W2755431016","https://openalex.org/W2922795189","https://openalex.org/W2999571531","https://openalex.org/W3094457617","https://openalex.org/W3178577652","https://openalex.org/W4239884961","https://openalex.org/W6636809826"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375969670","https://openalex.org/W2382147371","https://openalex.org/W3206958763","https://openalex.org/W2544666549","https://openalex.org/W2044902118","https://openalex.org/W2357112104","https://openalex.org/W2159160885","https://openalex.org/W2148958581","https://openalex.org/W2093343221","https://openalex.org/W3145343289"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multifrequency":[0],"(MF)":[1],"interferometric":[2],"synthetic":[3],"aperture":[4],"radar":[5],"(InSAR)":[6],"phase":[7,20,54,110],"unwrapping":[8],"(PU)":[9],"technology":[10],"is":[11,89,112],"proposed":[12],"for":[13,73,91,118],"PU":[14,34,66,77,94],"in":[15,38,126],"steep":[16,43,75,85,104],"terrains":[17],"where":[18],"the":[19,26,39,102,107,132,138],"changes":[21],"of":[22,41,53],"adjacent":[23],"pixels":[24],"exceed":[25],"commonly":[27],"required":[28],"threshold":[29],"of$\\pi":[30],"$.":[31],"Traditional":[32],"MF":[33,121],"methods":[35],"will":[36],"fail":[37],"case":[40],"extremely":[42,74],"terrain":[44,76],"such":[45],"as":[46],"artificial":[47],"buildings":[48],"due":[49],"to":[50,97,114],"insufficient":[51],"quality":[52],"noise":[55],"suppression":[56],"(PNS).":[57],"In":[58],"this":[59],"article,":[60],"we":[61],"propose":[62],"a":[63,115],"refined":[64],"MF-InSAR":[65],"method":[67],"that":[68],"can":[69],"be":[70],"robustly":[71],"applied":[72],"via":[78],"two":[79],"main":[80],"contributions.":[81],"First,":[82],"an":[83],"additional":[84],"edge":[86],"extraction":[87],"step":[88],"introduced":[90],"geological":[92],"local":[93,122],"window":[95],"generation":[96],"prevent":[98],"inaccurate":[99],"PNS":[100],"across":[101],"extracted":[103],"edges.":[105],"Second,":[106],"traditional":[108],"linear":[109],"model":[111],"extended":[113],"nonlinear":[116],"one":[117],"more":[119],"accurate":[120],"fringe":[123],"frequency":[124],"estimation":[125],"PNS.":[127],"The":[128],"computer":[129],"simulations":[130],"and":[131],"real":[133],"dual-frequency":[134],"airborne":[135],"experiment":[136],"validate":[137],"presented":[139],"approach.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}