{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205674377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3140404","title":"Unsupervised Change Detection Using Convolutional-Autoencoder Multiresolution Features","display_name":"Unsupervised Change Detection Using Convolutional-Autoencoder Multiresolution Features","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205674377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3140404"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3140404","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3140404","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11572/330111","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022271121","display_name":"Luca Bergamasco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7815-9001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luca Bergamasco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Digital Society, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy","University of Trento, Trento, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Digital Society, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083424027","display_name":"Sudipan Saha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9440-0720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sudipan Saha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science in Earth Observation, Technical University of Munich, Ottobrunn, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science in Earth Observation, Technical University of Munich, Ottobrunn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087668203","display_name":"Francesca Bovolo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3104-7656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesca Bovolo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Digital Society, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Digital Society, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006095323","display_name":"Lorenzo Bruzzone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6036-459X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorenzo Bruzzone","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Trento, Trento, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022271121"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587","https://openalex.org/I2277624104"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0544,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94478151,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7365753054618835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7365530729293823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.7243094444274902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6885002851486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.6763092875480652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5541644096374512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5426720380783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.5132284164428711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/change-detection","display_name":"Change detection","score":0.472788542509079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.452450156211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.414481520652771}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7365753054618835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7365530729293823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.7243094444274902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6885002851486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.6763092875480652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5541644096374512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5426720380783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.5132284164428711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203595873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25389927","display_name":"Change detection","level":2,"score":0.472788542509079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.452450156211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.414481520652771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2022.3140404","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2022.3140404","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unitn.it:11572/330111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11572/330111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401913","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","host_organization_name":"University of Trento","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unitn.it:11572/330111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11572/330111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401913","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","host_organization_name":"University of Trento","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1920235975","https://openalex.org/W1967464385","https://openalex.org/W2013789326","https://openalex.org/W2030266523","https://openalex.org/W2045247589","https://openalex.org/W2054520301","https://openalex.org/W2065693747","https://openalex.org/W2078304458","https://openalex.org/W2111320133","https://openalex.org/W2130020884","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2136655611","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2152185773","https://openalex.org/W2156975318","https://openalex.org/W2158781057","https://openalex.org/W2160544350","https://openalex.org/W2162703409","https://openalex.org/W2185340035","https://openalex.org/W2295862745","https://openalex.org/W2341018344","https://openalex.org/W2345914131","https://openalex.org/W2464416094","https://openalex.org/W2516616494","https://openalex.org/W2548741369","https://openalex.org/W2564140372","https://openalex.org/W2627081599","https://openalex.org/W2726981152","https://openalex.org/W2750976776","https://openalex.org/W2751993439","https://openalex.org/W2760340275","https://openalex.org/W2775780988","https://openalex.org/W2792827505","https://openalex.org/W2884276099","https://openalex.org/W2894544606","https://openalex.org/W2894660140","https://openalex.org/W2895793999","https://openalex.org/W2901172439","https://openalex.org/W2910587630","https://openalex.org/W2919263357","https://openalex.org/W2968773978","https://openalex.org/W2972854400","https://openalex.org/W2979308685","https://openalex.org/W2980068277","https://openalex.org/W2983224850","https://openalex.org/W2988020997","https://openalex.org/W2993281142","https://openalex.org/W3014293967","https://openalex.org/W3021083751","https://openalex.org/W3036656398","https://openalex.org/W3099831940","https://openalex.org/W3102127038","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6686213301","https://openalex.org/W6704283408"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2159052453","https://openalex.org/W3013693939","https://openalex.org/W2566616303","https://openalex.org/W3131327266","https://openalex.org/W2752972570","https://openalex.org/W4297051394","https://openalex.org/W2734887215","https://openalex.org/W2803255133","https://openalex.org/W4318664220","https://openalex.org/W3005969065"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,118],"use":[1],"of":[2,22,59,167,208],"deep":[3,92],"learning":[4,45],"(DL)":[5],"methods":[6,41],"for":[7,46,53,75,159],"change":[8],"detection":[9],"(CD)":[10],"is":[11,39,155],"currently":[12],"dominated":[13],"by":[14,48,96,139,191],"supervised":[15],"models":[16,51,62],"that":[17,42,89],"require":[18],"a":[19,97,140,160],"large":[20],"number":[21],"labeled":[23,116],"samples.":[24],"However,":[25,56],"these":[26],"samples":[27],"are":[28,136],"difficult":[29],"to":[30,125,143,176],"acquire":[31],"in":[32],"the":[33,57,60,67,72,77,107,110,122,145,165,183,206,209],"multitemporal":[34],"case.":[35],"A":[36],"possible":[37],"alternative":[38,174],"leveraging":[40],"exploit":[43],"transfer":[44],"CD":[47,87,169,211],"reusing":[49],"DL":[50],"pretrained":[52],"other":[54],"tasks.":[55],"performance":[58],"transfer-learning-based":[61],"decreases":[63],"as":[64,66],"much":[65],"target":[68],"images":[69,124,189,200],"differ":[70],"from":[71,106],"ones":[73],"used":[74,158],"training":[76,111],"model.":[78],"To":[79],"overcome":[80],"this":[81,168],"limit,":[82],"we":[83,171],"propose":[84,172],"an":[85,150],"unsupervised":[86],"method":[88,120,185],"exploits":[90],"multiresolution":[91,129,152],"feature":[93,131,134],"maps":[94,135],"derived":[95],"convolutional":[98],"autoencoder":[99],"(CAE).":[100],"It":[101],"automatically":[102],"learns":[103],"spatial":[104],"features":[105],"input":[108],"during":[109],"phase":[112],"without":[113],"requiring":[114],"any":[115],"data.":[117],"proposed":[119,184,210],"processes":[121],"bitemporal":[123,130,187],"obtain":[126],"and":[127,157,193,198],"compare":[128],"maps.":[132,180],"These":[133],"then":[137],"analyzed":[138],"feature-selection":[141],"technique":[142],"select":[144],"most":[146],"discriminant":[147],"ones.":[148],"Furthermore,":[149],"aggregated":[151],"difference":[153],"image":[154],"computed":[156],"detail-preserving":[161],"multiscale":[162,178],"CD.":[163],"In":[164],"context":[166],"approach,":[170],"two":[173],"strategies":[175],"retrieve":[177],"reliability":[179],"We":[181],"tested":[182],"on":[186],"multispectral":[188],"acquired":[190],"Landsat-5":[192],"Landsat-8":[194],"representing":[195,201],"burned":[196],"areas":[197],"Sentinel-2":[199],"deforested":[202],"areas.":[203],"Results":[204],"confirm":[205],"effectiveness":[207],"technique.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
