{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206377169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3137967","title":"Effective Pan-Sharpening With Transformer and Invertible Neural Network","display_name":"Effective Pan-Sharpening With Transformer and Invertible Neural Network","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206377169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3137967"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3137967","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3137967","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101823681","display_name":"Man Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2872-605X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802624667","display_name":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science","ror":"https://ror.org/046n57345","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Man Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China","University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079007635","display_name":"Xueyang Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8036-4071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueyang Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8036-4071","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033737940","display_name":"Jie Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-3404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100401202","display_name":"Feng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6767-8105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6767-8105","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100756739","display_name":"Aiping Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8849-5228"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aiping Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8849-5228","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047334112","display_name":"Rujing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9534-3425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802624667","display_name":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science","ror":"https://ror.org/046n57345","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099079","display_name":"Institute of Intelligent Machines","ror":"https://ror.org/00w0qep84","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667","https://openalex.org/I4210099079"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rujing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Agriculture Engineering Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Intelligent Machines, and Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9534-3425","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Agriculture Engineering Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institute of Intelligent Machines, and Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667","https://openalex.org/I4210099079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1181,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94648397,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/panchromatic-film","display_name":"Panchromatic film","score":0.8704743385314941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sharpening","display_name":"Sharpening","score":0.8279088735580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7430696487426758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.7402691841125488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5854541659355164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5398821234703064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5351638793945312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.44308969378471375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4305272698402405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3619488477706909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07032161951065063}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107445234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q280995","display_name":"Panchromatic film","level":3,"score":0.8704743385314941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781137444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q237105","display_name":"Sharpening","level":2,"score":0.8279088735580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7430696487426758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.7402691841125488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5854541659355164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5398821234703064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5351638793945312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.44308969378471375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4305272698402405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3619488477706909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07032161951065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3137967","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3137967","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G648514136","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901433","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1943127271","https://openalex.org/W1985866156","https://openalex.org/W1990231296","https://openalex.org/W2000323021","https://openalex.org/W2001800591","https://openalex.org/W2017121865","https://openalex.org/W2054440797","https://openalex.org/W2064366277","https://openalex.org/W2094280510","https://openalex.org/W2100329651","https://openalex.org/W2106002835","https://openalex.org/W2119077559","https://openalex.org/W2144436897","https://openalex.org/W2150630348","https://openalex.org/W2171108951","https://openalex.org/W2171211028","https://openalex.org/W2172185514","https://openalex.org/W2293167795","https://openalex.org/W2296385512","https://openalex.org/W2462592242","https://openalex.org/W2772149471","https://openalex.org/W2777033955","https://openalex.org/W2792221444","https://openalex.org/W2866634454","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2904156796","https://openalex.org/W2954340342","https://openalex.org/W2963183385","https://openalex.org/W2963641970","https://openalex.org/W2964110616","https://openalex.org/W3035022492","https://openalex.org/W3043042355","https://openalex.org/W3081397212","https://openalex.org/W3088339669","https://openalex.org/W3092462694","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3107032263","https://openalex.org/W3115223653","https://openalex.org/W3136416617","https://openalex.org/W3156811085","https://openalex.org/W3165488702","https://openalex.org/W3165848914","https://openalex.org/W3168649818","https://openalex.org/W3171125843","https://openalex.org/W3172472472","https://openalex.org/W3173217100","https://openalex.org/W3173794271","https://openalex.org/W3176096490","https://openalex.org/W3176101515","https://openalex.org/W3176970595","https://openalex.org/W3180251767","https://openalex.org/W3182074013","https://openalex.org/W3194157367","https://openalex.org/W3203480968","https://openalex.org/W4295838474","https://openalex.org/W4312812783","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6623043969","https://openalex.org/W6635084905","https://openalex.org/W6714644935","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6746735679","https://openalex.org/W6747624847","https://openalex.org/W6755056417","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6755609140","https://openalex.org/W6764817228","https://openalex.org/W6771626834","https://openalex.org/W6784094891","https://openalex.org/W6785727093","https://openalex.org/W6794906783","https://openalex.org/W6796298902"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2158394102","https://openalex.org/W1930929277","https://openalex.org/W4254327447","https://openalex.org/W2033186943","https://openalex.org/W2361746014","https://openalex.org/W1502637513","https://openalex.org/W2124952510","https://openalex.org/W2375311607","https://openalex.org/W2158371478","https://openalex.org/W2726689079"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"remote":[1],"sensing":[2],"imaging":[3],"systems,":[4],"pan-sharpening":[5,159],"is":[6,144],"an":[7],"important":[8],"technique":[9],"to":[10,27,45,113,131,148],"obtain":[11],"high-resolution":[12,17],"multispectral":[13,24,106],"images":[14],"from":[15],"a":[16,70,77,150,153],"panchromatic":[18,103],"image":[19],"and":[20,72,81,90,105,111,152,178,183,199],"its":[21],"corresponding":[22],"low-resolution":[23],"image.":[25],"Due":[26],"the":[28,46,49,62,98,102,122,133,138,145,158,186,191,194],"powerful":[29],"learning":[30,117],"capability":[31],"of":[32,48,140,166,193],"convolution":[33,50],"neural":[34,84,125,155,202],"networks":[35],"(CNNs),":[36],"CNN-based":[37],"methods":[38],"have":[39],"dominated":[40],"this":[41,66,95,143],"field.":[42,160],"However,":[43],"due":[44],"limitation":[47],"operator,":[51],"long-range":[52,87,197],"spatial":[53],"features":[54,108],"are":[55],"often":[56],"not":[57],"accurately":[58],"obtained,":[59],"thus":[60],"limiting":[61],"overall":[63],"performance.":[64],"To":[65,137],"end,":[67],"we":[68],"propose":[69],"novel":[71],"effective":[73,91,128,200],"method":[74,172],"by":[75],"exploiting":[76],"customized":[78,99,196],"transformer":[79,100,151,198],"architecture":[80],"information-lossless":[82],"invertible":[83,124,154,201],"module":[85,126,205],"for":[86,206],"dependencies":[88],"modeling":[89],"feature":[92,116,129,203],"fusion":[93,130,204],"in":[94],"article.":[96],"Specifically,":[97],"formulates":[101],"(PAN)":[104],"(MS)":[107],"as":[109],"queries":[110],"keys":[112],"encourage":[114],"joint":[115],"across":[118],"two":[119],"modalities,":[120],"while":[121],"designed":[123],"enables":[127],"generate":[132],"expected":[134],"pan-sharpened":[135],"results.":[136],"best":[139],"our":[141,171],"knowledge,":[142],"first":[146],"attempt":[147],"introduce":[149],"network":[156],"into":[157],"Extensive":[161],"experiments":[162,188],"over":[163],"different":[164],"kinds":[165],"satellite":[167],"datasets":[168],"demonstrate":[169],"that":[170],"outperforms":[173],"state-of-the-art":[174],"algorithms":[175],"both":[176],"visually":[177],"quantitatively":[179],"with":[180],"fewer":[181],"parameters":[182],"flops.":[184],"Furthermore,":[185],"ablation":[187],"also":[189],"prove":[190],"effectiveness":[192],"proposed":[195],"pan-sharpening.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
