{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205396466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3137904","title":"5G Network-Based Passive Radar","display_name":"5G Network-Based Passive Radar","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205396466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3137904"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3137904","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3137904","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023664743","display_name":"Piotr Samczy\u0144ski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1607-2298"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108403487","display_name":"Warsaw University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0xnp53","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Piotr Samczy\u0144ski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028276242","display_name":"Karol Abratkiewicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5694-1294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108403487","display_name":"Warsaw University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0xnp53","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karol Abratkiewicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045267723","display_name":"Marek P\u0142otka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8959-3313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108403487","display_name":"Warsaw University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00y0xnp53","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marek P\u0142otka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronic Systems, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000440934","display_name":"Tomasz P. Zieli\u0144ski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5078-522X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomasz P. Zieli\u0144ski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Telecommunications, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Telecommunications, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040317502","display_name":"Jacek Wszo\u0142ek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7552-7796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacek Wszo\u0142ek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Telecommunications, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Telecommunications, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068829373","display_name":"S\u0142awomir Hausman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3891-4214"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S\u0142awomir Hausman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics, Łódź University of Technology, Łódź, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, Łódź University of Technology, Łódź, Poland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002078961","display_name":"Piotr Korbel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3716-0932"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piotr Korbel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics, Łódź University of Technology, Łódź, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, Łódź University of Technology, Łódź, Poland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029248546","display_name":"Adam Ksi\u0229\u017cyk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1979-6198"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Ksi\u0229\u017cyk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Solutions and Networks, Kraków, Poland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Solutions and Networks, Kraków, Poland","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023664743"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108403487"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":77.7203,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":103,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99893272,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12024","display_name":"Ultra-Wideband Communications Technology","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passive-radar","display_name":"Passive radar","score":0.8764400482177734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bistatic-radar","display_name":"Bistatic radar","score":0.7807271480560303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6502163410186768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6095711588859558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-configurations-and-types","display_name":"Radar configurations and types","score":0.5793813467025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/man-portable-radar","display_name":"Man-portable radar","score":0.5653669238090515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-radar","display_name":"3D radar","score":0.5541033744812012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.543183445930481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5378322601318359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-engineering-details","display_name":"Radar engineering details","score":0.536626398563385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fire-control-radar","display_name":"Fire-control radar","score":0.5225381851196289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-lock-on","display_name":"Radar lock-on","score":0.5187966227531433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5140827298164368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.4497862756252289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.4136947989463806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.38770073652267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1525379717350006}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151120012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2143008","display_name":"Passive radar","level":5,"score":0.8764400482177734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100102862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625855","display_name":"Bistatic radar","level":4,"score":0.7807271480560303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6502163410186768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6095711588859558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5249743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2125374","display_name":"Radar configurations and types","level":5,"score":0.5793813467025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161475128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6746448","display_name":"Man-portable radar","level":5,"score":0.5653669238090515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81076408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229387","display_name":"3D radar","level":5,"score":0.5541033744812012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.543183445930481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5378322601318359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134406370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832005","display_name":"Radar engineering details","level":4,"score":0.536626398563385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84236424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1028695","display_name":"Fire-control radar","level":5,"score":0.5225381851196289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185565061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6878284","display_name":"Radar lock-on","level":5,"score":0.5187966227531433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5140827298164368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.4497862756252289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.4136947989463806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.38770073652267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1525379717350006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3137904","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3137904","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.5}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969341000","https://openalex.org/W1978429086","https://openalex.org/W1979018848","https://openalex.org/W2009118059","https://openalex.org/W2067558471","https://openalex.org/W2119289768","https://openalex.org/W2132147894","https://openalex.org/W2135442579","https://openalex.org/W2150558393","https://openalex.org/W2289389797","https://openalex.org/W2425372236","https://openalex.org/W2523010264","https://openalex.org/W2607371395","https://openalex.org/W2612062853","https://openalex.org/W2625351364","https://openalex.org/W2790235730","https://openalex.org/W2902935763","https://openalex.org/W2937670294","https://openalex.org/W2963786971","https://openalex.org/W2969098385","https://openalex.org/W2969746406","https://openalex.org/W2973449683","https://openalex.org/W2974572539","https://openalex.org/W3035060585","https://openalex.org/W3035121220","https://openalex.org/W3042606211","https://openalex.org/W3152141425","https://openalex.org/W3155204801","https://openalex.org/W3168470427","https://openalex.org/W6635924280"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4251811315","https://openalex.org/W2290129931","https://openalex.org/W2113735450","https://openalex.org/W4205396466","https://openalex.org/W2611727523","https://openalex.org/W2625203438","https://openalex.org/W2128454885","https://openalex.org/W2903401447","https://openalex.org/W2292023356","https://openalex.org/W4225406398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,68],"article":[1,69],"presents":[2],"the":[3,34,51,74,78,83,92,100,104,114],"pioneering":[4],"results":[5,102],"of":[6,22,42,53,66,77,108,116],"successful":[7],"target":[8],"detection":[9],"using":[10,109],"a":[11,20,25,43],"fully":[12],"operational":[13],"and":[14,82,99,106],"cooperative":[15],"5G":[16,79,87,93],"cellular":[17],"network":[18],"as":[19,63],"source":[21],"illumination":[23],"in":[24,46,56,113],"passive":[26,54,71,89,94,117],"radar":[27,55,72,95],"system.":[28],"The":[29],"electromagnetic":[30],"wave":[31],"generated":[32],"by":[33],"real-life":[35],"base":[36],"station":[37],"allowed":[38],"for":[39,86],"remote":[40],"sensing":[41],"moving":[44],"car":[45],"bistatic":[47],"geometry,":[48],"which":[49,57],"shows":[50],"feasibility":[52],"new":[58,110],"generation":[59],"radio":[60,111],"networks":[61],"serve":[62],"an":[64],"illuminator":[65],"opportunity.":[67],"describes":[70],"principles,":[73],"theoretical":[75],"fundamentals":[76],"signal":[80],"structure,":[81],"proposed":[84],"processing":[85],"network-based":[88],"radar.":[90],"Also,":[91],"demonstrator":[96],"is":[97],"described,":[98],"trial":[101],"show":[103],"possibilities":[105],"limitations":[107],"standards":[112],"context":[115],"radars.":[118]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-04-11T08:14:18.477133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}