{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205170943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3133534","title":"Fast and Slow Changes Constrained Spatio-Temporal Subpixel Mapping","display_name":"Fast and Slow Changes Constrained Spatio-Temporal Subpixel Mapping","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205170943","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3133534"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3133534","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3133534","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089919309","display_name":"Chengyuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5324-8753"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengyuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5324-8753","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005729523","display_name":"Qunming Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5188-0939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qunming Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5188-0939","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100610320","display_name":"Ping L\u00fc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-3911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027113543","display_name":"Yong Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5175-5812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160793","display_name":"Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04t1cdb72","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210160793"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000622487","display_name":"Peter M. Atkinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5489-6880"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter M. Atkinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Technology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YR, U.K","Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K","Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5489-6880","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YR, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4905,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66459948,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subpixel-rendering","display_name":"Subpixel rendering","score":0.967795729637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6631819009780884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6260859966278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moderate-resolution-imaging-spectroradiometer","display_name":"Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer","score":0.6005818843841553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.5728156566619873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-resolution","display_name":"Temporal resolution","score":0.5662609934806824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5373287200927734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interval","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","score":0.526507556438446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.4696221649646759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.25524577498435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.18619155883789062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.14883089065551758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14419355988502502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.1342824399471283}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68516990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q452912","display_name":"Subpixel rendering","level":3,"score":0.967795729637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6631819009780884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6260859966278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777007095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676840","display_name":"Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer","level":3,"score":0.6005818843841553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.5728156566619873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119666444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5977280","display_name":"Temporal resolution","level":2,"score":0.5662609934806824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5373287200927734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778067643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166507","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.526507556438446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.4696221649646759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25524577498435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.18619155883789062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.14883089065551758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14419355988502502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.1342824399471283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3133534","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3133534","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:165134","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2350366763","display_name":"\u878d\u5408\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u9065\u611f\u65f6\u5e8f\u6570\u636e\u7684\u9ad8\u65f6\u7a7a\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u5236\u56fe\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41971297","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4686674456","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"02502350047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322449","funder_display_name":"Tongji University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8971197728","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42171345","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322449","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967329996","https://openalex.org/W1967831808","https://openalex.org/W1970687769","https://openalex.org/W1979149796","https://openalex.org/W1982307148","https://openalex.org/W2004818310","https://openalex.org/W2017036863","https://openalex.org/W2026999441","https://openalex.org/W2039799810","https://openalex.org/W2039957307","https://openalex.org/W2050809401","https://openalex.org/W2065646058","https://openalex.org/W2075291334","https://openalex.org/W2077756867","https://openalex.org/W2080965330","https://openalex.org/W2089038605","https://openalex.org/W2091129519","https://openalex.org/W2096919863","https://openalex.org/W2114828048","https://openalex.org/W2115963694","https://openalex.org/W2149493754","https://openalex.org/W2156248183","https://openalex.org/W2245471897","https://openalex.org/W2344641522","https://openalex.org/W2406235863","https://openalex.org/W2615806692","https://openalex.org/W2791329711","https://openalex.org/W2795018073","https://openalex.org/W2799441038","https://openalex.org/W2803806297","https://openalex.org/W2917749783","https://openalex.org/W2920767319","https://openalex.org/W2958449090","https://openalex.org/W2964571302","https://openalex.org/W2974408721","https://openalex.org/W2994256272","https://openalex.org/W2995250549","https://openalex.org/W2997248273","https://openalex.org/W3009367059","https://openalex.org/W3023506300","https://openalex.org/W3023963847","https://openalex.org/W3026404307","https://openalex.org/W3034470421","https://openalex.org/W3040323135","https://openalex.org/W3046571487","https://openalex.org/W3080365512","https://openalex.org/W3093262498","https://openalex.org/W3101252928","https://openalex.org/W3118467837","https://openalex.org/W3123392265","https://openalex.org/W3129232093","https://openalex.org/W3132684617","https://openalex.org/W3150173897","https://openalex.org/W3173051634","https://openalex.org/W3195858154"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312705334","https://openalex.org/W2048225904","https://openalex.org/W1971218353","https://openalex.org/W2137653915","https://openalex.org/W2004818310","https://openalex.org/W2063406554","https://openalex.org/W2049925947","https://openalex.org/W3088281917","https://openalex.org/W1970680862","https://openalex.org/W2615806692"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Subpixel":[0],"mapping":[1,85,150,159],"(SPM)":[2],"is":[3,37,88,181],"a":[4,21,71,77,97,105,152,161,205],"technique":[5],"to":[6,48,57,90,124,148,208],"tackle":[7],"the":[8,26,60,63,122,126,172,177,193,200,216,220],"mixed-pixel":[9],"problem":[10],"and":[11,15,79,101,111,118,156,195],"produces":[12],"land":[13,16],"cover":[14],"use":[17],"(LCLU)":[18],"maps":[19],"at":[20],"finer":[22],"spatial":[23],"resolution":[24],"than":[25],"original":[27],"coarse":[28],"data.":[29],"However,":[30],"uncertainty":[31],"exists":[32],"unavoidably":[33],"in":[34,62,187,219],"SPM,":[35],"which":[36],"an":[38,185],"ill-posed":[39],"downscaling":[40],"problem.":[41],"Spatio-temporal":[42],"SPM":[43,210],"methods":[44,55],"have":[45],"been":[46],"proposed":[47,89,117,131],"deal":[49],"with":[50,140,184,199],"this":[51,75],"uncertainty,":[52],"but":[53],"current":[54],"fail":[56],"explore":[58],"fully":[59],"information":[61,218],"time-series":[64,222],"images,":[65],"especially":[66],"more":[67,182],"rapid":[68],"changes":[69,81,95,103],"over":[70,96,104],"short-time":[72],"interval.":[73,108],"In":[74],"article,":[76],"fast":[78,93,110,194],"slow":[80,102,112,196],"constrained":[82],"spatio-temporal":[83],"subpixel":[84],"(FSSTSPM)":[86],"method":[87,133],"account":[91],"for":[92],"LCLU":[94],"short":[98],"time":[99,107],"interval":[100],"long":[106],"Both":[109],"changes-based":[113],"temporal":[114,202,217],"constraints":[115],"are":[116],"incorporated":[119],"simultaneously":[120],"into":[121],"FSSTSPM":[123,132,180],"increase":[125,186],"accuracy":[127],"of":[128,174,179,192,215],"SPM.":[129],"The":[130,169,190],"was":[134,145],"validated":[135],"using":[136,151,160],"two":[137],"synthetic":[138],"datasets":[139],"various":[141],"proportion":[142,188],"errors.":[143,189],"It":[144],"also":[146],"applied":[147],"oil-spill":[149],"real":[153,162],"PlanetScope-Sentinel-2":[154],"dataset":[155],"Amazon":[157],"deforestation":[158],"Landsat-Moderate":[163],"Resolution":[164],"Imaging":[165],"Spectroradiometer":[166],"(MODIS)":[167],"dataset.":[168],"results":[170],"demonstrate":[171],"superiority":[173],"FSSTSPM.":[175],"Moreover,":[176],"advantage":[178,214],"obvious":[183],"concepts":[191],"changes,":[197],"together":[198],"derived":[201],"constraints,":[203],"provide":[204],"new":[206],"insight":[207],"enhance":[209],"by":[211],"taking":[212],"fuller":[213],"available":[221],"images.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-26T07:53:14.480251","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}