{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206155389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3121799","title":"Probabilistic Generative Model for Hyperspectral Unmixing Accounting for Endmember Variability","display_name":"Probabilistic Generative Model for Hyperspectral Unmixing Accounting for Endmember Variability","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206155389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3121799"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3121799","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3121799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101912843","display_name":"Shuaikai Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1985-6530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuaikai Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Intelligent Acoustics and Immersive Communications, School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","Key Laboratory of Ocean Acoustics and Sensing, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Xi\u2019an, China","Center of Intelligent Acoustics and Immersive Communications, School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","Key Laboratory of Ocean Acoustics and Sensing, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Intelligent Acoustics and Immersive Communications, School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ocean Acoustics and Sensing, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Intelligent Acoustics and Immersive Communications, School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ocean Acoustics and Sensing, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100769200","display_name":"Min Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3258-8358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Intelligent Acoustics and Immersive Communications, School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","Key Laboratory of Ocean Acoustics and Sensing, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Xi\u2019an, China","Center of Intelligent Acoustics and Immersive Communications, School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","Key Laboratory of Ocean Acoustics and Sensing, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Intelligent Acoustics and Immersive Communications, School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ocean Acoustics and Sensing, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Intelligent Acoustics and Immersive Communications, School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ocean Acoustics and Sensing, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100448165","display_name":"Lijun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9372-1004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lijun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Intelligent Acoustics and Immersive Communications, School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","Key Laboratory of Ocean Acoustics and Sensing, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Xi\u2019an, China","Center of Intelligent Acoustics and Immersive Communications, School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","Key Laboratory of Ocean Acoustics and Sensing, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Intelligent Acoustics and Immersive Communications, School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ocean Acoustics and Sensing, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Intelligent Acoustics and Immersive Communications, School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ocean Acoustics and Sensing, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067973917","display_name":"Yoann Altmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3177-9884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoann Altmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3177-9884","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100333004","display_name":"Jie Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2306-8860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I890469752","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Intelligent Acoustics and Immersive Communications, School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","Key Laboratory of Ocean Acoustics and Sensing, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Xi\u2019an, China","Center of Intelligent Acoustics and Immersive Communications, School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","Key Laboratory of Ocean Acoustics and Sensing, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2306-8860","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Intelligent Acoustics and Immersive Communications, School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ocean Acoustics and Sensing, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Intelligent Acoustics and Immersive Communications, School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ocean Acoustics and Sensing, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3666,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89141976,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endmember","display_name":"Endmember","score":0.9785244464874268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.8482282161712646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6497776508331299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-model","display_name":"Generative model","score":0.5859100818634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.570152759552002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.5252489447593689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5248691439628601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5062767267227173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-model","display_name":"Statistical model","score":0.4318455457687378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3431437611579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21840357780456543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.20828601717948914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10727322101593018}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58237817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5376204","display_name":"Endmember","level":3,"score":0.9785244464874268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.8482282161712646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6497776508331299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.5859100818634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.570152759552002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.5252489447593689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5248691439628601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5062767267227173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.4318455457687378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3431437611579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21840357780456543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.20828601717948914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10727322101593018}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3121799","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3121799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6093635115","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171380","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7520581741","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B18041","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8145101974","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RF201617/16/31","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320005","funder_display_name":"Royal Academy of Engineering"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320005","display_name":"Royal Academy of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/0526snb40"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321392","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1524571335","https://openalex.org/W1964570608","https://openalex.org/W1972293418","https://openalex.org/W1988386267","https://openalex.org/W1992367803","https://openalex.org/W2012749606","https://openalex.org/W2037328426","https://openalex.org/W2060147006","https://openalex.org/W2066612219","https://openalex.org/W2078222544","https://openalex.org/W2084252873","https://openalex.org/W2087263574","https://openalex.org/W2099595379","https://openalex.org/W2101837437","https://openalex.org/W2107219953","https://openalex.org/W2114486983","https://openalex.org/W2116720609","https://openalex.org/W2121955539","https://openalex.org/W2124781164","https://openalex.org/W2127062304","https://openalex.org/W2144492104","https://openalex.org/W2144881411","https://openalex.org/W2157321686","https://openalex.org/W2170946361","https://openalex.org/W2280666519","https://openalex.org/W2423557781","https://openalex.org/W2542152021","https://openalex.org/W2733834276","https://openalex.org/W2755992512","https://openalex.org/W2760901445","https://openalex.org/W2766138247","https://openalex.org/W2792897399","https://openalex.org/W2809306703","https://openalex.org/W2886042776","https://openalex.org/W2911419410","https://openalex.org/W2913942978","https://openalex.org/W2921511952","https://openalex.org/W2924113356","https://openalex.org/W2964144928","https://openalex.org/W2985926249","https://openalex.org/W3002092414","https://openalex.org/W3005148902","https://openalex.org/W3044978601","https://openalex.org/W3100234884","https://openalex.org/W3100619029","https://openalex.org/W3106244377","https://openalex.org/W3163354948","https://openalex.org/W4206566734","https://openalex.org/W4233760599","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4251512985","https://openalex.org/W4392677642","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6631943919","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6640963894","https://openalex.org/W6677463967","https://openalex.org/W6718140377","https://openalex.org/W6733471323"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2037328426","https://openalex.org/W1990914742","https://openalex.org/W2891033441","https://openalex.org/W2006559622","https://openalex.org/W3106536224","https://openalex.org/W2890371384","https://openalex.org/W2051769241","https://openalex.org/W2563324120","https://openalex.org/W2040756827","https://openalex.org/W3045038000"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,41,105,145,170],"complex":[1],"nature":[2],"of":[3,9,36,78,132,147,172,180],"hyperspectral":[4],"images":[5],"makes":[6],"the":[7,31,39,61,73,110,128,148,178],"analysis":[8],"spectral":[10,21,49,74],"signatures":[11],"a":[12,24,89],"challenging":[13],"task":[14],"in":[15,38,54,115,164],"remote":[16],"sensing.":[17],"For":[18],"quantitative":[19],"analysis,":[20],"unmixing":[22,43],"is":[23,81,151,175],"well-established":[25],"and":[26,33,97,102,112,156],"effective":[27],"tool":[28],"to":[29,47,68,93,136],"analyze":[30],"spectra":[32],"spatial":[34],"distribution":[35],"substances":[37],"scene.":[40],"classical":[42],"algorithms":[44,80],"usually":[45,82],"fail":[46],"tackle":[48,69],"variability":[50,75,96,143],"caused":[51],"by":[52],"variations":[53],"environmental":[55],"conditions.":[56],"Many":[57],"variants":[58],"based":[59],"on":[60,153],"linear":[62],"mixing":[63],"process":[64],"have":[65],"been":[66],"proposed":[67,106,149],"this":[70,85,173],"problem;":[71],"however,":[72],"modeling":[76,130],"capacity":[77],"these":[79],"insufficient.":[83],"In":[84,119],"article,":[86],"we":[87],"present":[88],"probabilistic":[90],"generative":[91],"model":[92,107],"address":[94],"endmember":[95,103,125,142],"provide":[98],"more":[99],"accurate":[100],"abundance":[101],"estimates.":[104],"simultaneously":[108],"extracts":[109],"endmembers":[111],"estimates":[113],"abundances":[114],"an":[116],"unsupervised":[117],"manner.":[118],"particular,":[120],"it":[121],"allows":[122],"fitting":[123],"arbitrary":[124],"distributions":[126],"through":[127],"nonlinear":[129],"capability":[131],"neural":[133],"networks":[134],"compared":[135],"other":[137,167],"methods":[138],"that":[139],"use":[140],"parametric":[141],"models.":[144],"performance":[146],"approach":[150],"evaluated":[152],"both":[154],"synthetic":[155],"real":[157],"datasets.":[158],"Experimental":[159],"results":[160],"show":[161],"its":[162],"superiority":[163],"comparison":[165],"with":[166],"state-of-the-art":[168],"methods.":[169],"code":[171],"work":[174],"available":[176],"athttps://github.com/shuaikaishi/PGMSUfor":[177],"sake":[179],"reproducibility.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
