{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3207217854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3117250","title":"S<sup>3</sup>TRM: Spectral-Spatial Unmixing of Hyperspectral Imagery Based on Sparse Topic Relaxation-Clustering Model","display_name":"S<sup>3</sup>TRM: Spectral-Spatial Unmixing of Hyperspectral Imagery Based on Sparse Topic Relaxation-Clustering Model","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3207217854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3117250","mag":"3207217854"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3117250","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3117250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079862010","display_name":"Qiqi Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5339-0829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiqi Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["China National Engineering Research Center of GIS, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5339-0829","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China National Engineering Research Center of GIS, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100348978","display_name":"Linlin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9619-2577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linlin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China National Engineering Research Center of GIS, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9619-2577","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China National Engineering Research Center of GIS, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100696900","display_name":"Jiale Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9357-565X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiale Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["China National Engineering Research Center of GIS, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China National Engineering Research Center of GIS, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114832354","display_name":"Wen Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1550-7926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["China National Engineering Research Center of GIS, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China National Engineering Research Center of GIS, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100754351","display_name":"Yanfei Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-5850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanfei Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9446-5850","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063647157","display_name":"Qingfeng Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7392-3709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingfeng Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["China National Engineering Research Center of GIS, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7392-3709","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China National Engineering Research Center of GIS, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101457741","display_name":"Zhijiang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6685-7224"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhijiang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China National Engineering Research Center of GIS, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6685-7224","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China National Engineering Research Center of GIS, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2941,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59022751,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9728000164031982,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.9571999907493591,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.869448184967041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6887407898902893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-clustering","display_name":"Spectral clustering","score":0.6023889780044556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.6017295718193054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relaxation","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","score":0.5619974136352539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49846887588500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4593207836151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4464084506034851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3870975971221924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3630869686603546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.869448184967041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6887407898902893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105611402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2976589","display_name":"Spectral clustering","level":3,"score":0.6023889780044556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.6017295718193054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776029896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935810","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5619974136352539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49846887588500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4593207836151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4464084506034851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3870975971221924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3630869686603546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3117250","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3117250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1645777991","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G1323519214","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6674607238","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41901306","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326832","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W817971873","https://openalex.org/W1531818640","https://openalex.org/W1755724306","https://openalex.org/W1880262756","https://openalex.org/W1964570608","https://openalex.org/W1974490937","https://openalex.org/W1981939910","https://openalex.org/W1995450389","https://openalex.org/W2000258075","https://openalex.org/W2007921299","https://openalex.org/W2009576740","https://openalex.org/W2016546886","https://openalex.org/W2032944446","https://openalex.org/W2063790512","https://openalex.org/W2081555128","https://openalex.org/W2087263574","https://openalex.org/W2092363223","https://openalex.org/W2095343758","https://openalex.org/W2098047130","https://openalex.org/W2099703033","https://openalex.org/W2103442517","https://openalex.org/W2116720609","https://openalex.org/W2118718620","https://openalex.org/W2119317657","https://openalex.org/W2125298866","https://openalex.org/W2127062304","https://openalex.org/W2134328014","https://openalex.org/W2134731454","https://openalex.org/W2135029798","https://openalex.org/W2157321686","https://openalex.org/W2163886442","https://openalex.org/W2167810193","https://openalex.org/W2174706414","https://openalex.org/W2741786247","https://openalex.org/W2760901445","https://openalex.org/W2766836613","https://openalex.org/W2774517539","https://openalex.org/W2806966882","https://openalex.org/W2809306703","https://openalex.org/W2886031712","https://openalex.org/W2894115892","https://openalex.org/W2911419410","https://openalex.org/W2936265303","https://openalex.org/W2967530387","https://openalex.org/W3016244469","https://openalex.org/W3028040906","https://openalex.org/W3031385348","https://openalex.org/W3101195009","https://openalex.org/W3106244377","https://openalex.org/W3150573203","https://openalex.org/W3151666947","https://openalex.org/W3165209762","https://openalex.org/W3191036819","https://openalex.org/W4233760599","https://openalex.org/W4237791300","https://openalex.org/W6623043969","https://openalex.org/W6674471310","https://openalex.org/W6677463967","https://openalex.org/W6677759377","https://openalex.org/W6680012447","https://openalex.org/W6684751948","https://openalex.org/W6746968042"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072166414","https://openalex.org/W3209970181","https://openalex.org/W2070598848","https://openalex.org/W3034375524","https://openalex.org/W4230131218","https://openalex.org/W2060875994","https://openalex.org/W2027399350","https://openalex.org/W2044184146","https://openalex.org/W4313014865","https://openalex.org/W2019190440"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hyperspectral":[0],"unmixing":[1,104],"(HU)":[2],"has":[3,16,39],"been":[4,40],"one":[5],"of":[6,27,56,73,86,106,151,166,178,214,236],"the":[7,25,28,54,71,74,78,84,136,148,163,167,170,186,198,210,218,233,237,249],"hot":[8],"spots":[9],"in":[10,19,36,59,88,94,240],"hyperspectral":[11,37,107,230],"remote":[12],"sensing":[13],"research":[14],"and":[15,63,147,201,226,244],"great":[17],"potential":[18,55],"many":[20],"applications.":[21],"In":[22,76,127],"recent":[23],"years,":[24],"employment":[26],"probabilistic":[29],"topic":[30,57,95,113,137],"model":[31,115,138],"to":[32,51,161,196,208],"mine":[33],"latent":[34],"topics":[35],"images":[38],"an":[41],"effective":[42],"way":[43],"for":[44],"spectral":[45,176],"unmixing.":[46],"However,":[47],"these":[48,100],"methods":[49],"fail":[50],"fully":[52],"exploit":[53],"models":[58],"uncovering":[60],"image":[61],"semantics":[62],"need":[64],"extra":[65],"sparsity":[66],"constraints,":[67],"which":[68,81,183],"greatly":[69],"increases":[70],"complexity":[72],"model.":[75],"addition,":[77],"spatial":[79,211],"information":[80,213],"can":[82,180],"provide":[83],"correlation":[85],"features":[87,179],"adjacent":[89],"pixels":[90],"is":[91,125,194,206],"usually":[92],"ignored":[93],"model-based":[96],"HU.":[97],"To":[98],"solve":[99],"problems,":[101],"a":[102,111,223],"spectral-spatial":[103],"framework":[105,239],"imagery":[108],"based":[109],"on":[110,222],"sparse":[112,142,149],"relaxation-clustering":[114,172],"(":[116],"<inline-formula":[117,128,152],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[118,129,153],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[119,130,154],"<tex-math":[120,131,155],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\mathrm{S}^{3}{\\mathrm":[121,132,156],"{TRM}}$":[122,133,157],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[123,134,158],")":[124],"proposed.":[126],",":[135],"combined":[139],"with":[140,248],"implied":[141],"prior":[143],"constraints":[144],"are":[145,159],"introduced,":[146],"characteristics":[150],"used":[160,195],"capture":[162],"semantic":[164],"representation":[165],"spectrum.":[168],"With":[169],"proposed":[171,238],"strategy,":[173],"multiple":[174],"possible":[175],"representations":[177],"be":[181],"obtained,":[182],"further":[184],"alleviates":[185],"influence":[187],"caused":[188],"by":[189],"endmember":[190,199],"variability.":[191],"Group":[192],"clustering":[193],"locate":[197],"quickly":[200],"accurately.":[202],"Moreover,":[203],"superpixel":[204],"segmentation":[205],"considered":[207],"supplement":[209],"distribution":[212],"features,":[215],"thereby":[216],"improving":[217],"fractional":[219],"abundance.":[220],"Experiments":[221],"synthetic":[224],"dataset":[225],"three":[227],"well-known":[228],"real":[229],"datasets":[231],"confirm":[232],"excellent":[234],"performance":[235],"both":[241],"qualitative":[242],"assessment":[243],"quantitative":[245],"evaluation,":[246],"compared":[247],"other":[250],"state-of-the-art":[251],"methods.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}