{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3202859093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3115354","title":"DS<sup>4</sup>L: Deep Semisupervised Shared Subspace Learning for Hyperspectral Image Classification","display_name":"DS<sup>4</sup>L: Deep Semisupervised Shared Subspace Learning for Hyperspectral Image Classification","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3202859093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3115354","mag":"3202859093"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3115354","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3115354","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101406898","display_name":"Xudong Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4786-8395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xudong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4786-8395","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100418893","display_name":"Li Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1640-1709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1640-1709","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044278476","display_name":"Yuebin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6978-4558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuebin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6978-4558","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100459445","display_name":"Liqiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4175-7590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liqiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4175-7590","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054292278","display_name":"Antonio Plaza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9613-1659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80606768","display_name":"Universidad de Extremadura","ror":"https://ror.org/0174shg90","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Plaza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Technology and Communications, Hyperspectral Computing Laboratory, University of Extremadura, C\u00e1ceres, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9613-1659","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Technology and Communications, Hyperspectral Computing Laboratory, University of Extremadura, C\u00e1ceres, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80606768"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3922,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62573251,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.98089998960495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.8117623329162598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6558514833450317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6046328544616699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.5959330797195435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5596169829368591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.48381680250167847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.35359644889831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3477276563644409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1701916754245758}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.8117623329162598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6558514833450317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6046328544616699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.5959330797195435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5596169829368591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.48381680250167847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.35359644889831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3477276563644409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1701916754245758}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3115354","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3115354","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2219863523","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201903D121142","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336350","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3930609369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"375201906","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6320491891","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42171388","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8220273677","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"292018029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G916450140","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41801241","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336350","display_name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1969198379","https://openalex.org/W2039409148","https://openalex.org/W2052160904","https://openalex.org/W2058795991","https://openalex.org/W2067191022","https://openalex.org/W2087263574","https://openalex.org/W2110798204","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2140095548","https://openalex.org/W2182192580","https://openalex.org/W2275445006","https://openalex.org/W2469142871","https://openalex.org/W2500751094","https://openalex.org/W2520774990","https://openalex.org/W2526295953","https://openalex.org/W2548791488","https://openalex.org/W2590019597","https://openalex.org/W2617536493","https://openalex.org/W2620547787","https://openalex.org/W2754507318","https://openalex.org/W2767805377","https://openalex.org/W2768975974","https://openalex.org/W2793645503","https://openalex.org/W2793941577","https://openalex.org/W2809306703","https://openalex.org/W2889978276","https://openalex.org/W2903541310","https://openalex.org/W2911886290","https://openalex.org/W2937638900","https://openalex.org/W2963712289","https://openalex.org/W2997574889","https://openalex.org/W2998460251","https://openalex.org/W2998951762","https://openalex.org/W3019954098","https://openalex.org/W3047443805","https://openalex.org/W3086698591","https://openalex.org/W3098561772","https://openalex.org/W3103695279","https://openalex.org/W3105005050","https://openalex.org/W3119120717","https://openalex.org/W3125418472","https://openalex.org/W3127593446","https://openalex.org/W3133932009","https://openalex.org/W3159993994","https://openalex.org/W3196410189","https://openalex.org/W6675164516","https://openalex.org/W6681096077","https://openalex.org/W6760560674"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072166414","https://openalex.org/W3209970181","https://openalex.org/W2060875994","https://openalex.org/W3034375524","https://openalex.org/W4230131218","https://openalex.org/W2070598848","https://openalex.org/W2385371209","https://openalex.org/W4250051149","https://openalex.org/W2083270190","https://openalex.org/W1991437568"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hyperspectral":[0],"image":[1,9],"(HSI)":[2],"classification":[3,12,25,216],"is":[4,27,52,66,78,103,143,182],"essential":[5],"in":[6,58,157],"remote":[7],"sensing":[8],"analysis.":[10],"The":[11,140,161],"methods":[13],"based":[14],"on":[15,124,198,218],"deep":[16,41,97],"learning":[17,45,100,176],"have":[18],"attracted":[19],"more":[20,22,110,118,186],"and":[21,36,88,109,121,131,168,224,232],"attention.":[23],"However,":[24],"accuracy":[26,217],"seriously":[28],"affected":[29],"by":[30,229],"the":[31,72,127,138,147,152,155,172,179,190,206,210,219],"quantity":[32],"of":[33,68,85,154,174],"labeled":[34,125,167,192],"data":[35,87],"redundant":[37],"information.":[38],"Therefore,":[39],"a":[40,96,107,117],"semisupervised":[42],"shared":[43,93,98],"subspace":[44,99,120,156,175,188],"(DS":[46],"<sup":[47,62,212],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[48,63,213],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">4</sup>":[49,64,214],"L)":[50],"model":[51],"developed":[53],"to":[54,80,91,105,115,145,150,184],"overcome":[55],"these":[56],"problems":[57],"this":[59],"article.":[60],"DS":[61,211],"L":[65],"composed":[67],"two":[69],"parts.":[70],"First,":[71],"basic":[73,207],"feature":[74],"extraction":[75],"(BFE)":[76],"network":[77,102],"constructed":[79],"preliminary":[81],"extract":[82,185],"high-dimensional-space":[83],"features":[84],"multiscale":[86,148],"fusion":[89],"them":[90],"one":[92],"subspace.":[94,113],"Then,":[95,178],"(DSSL)":[101],"proposed":[104],"obtain":[106,116],"deeper":[108],"representative":[111,119],"low-dimensional":[112],"Moreover,":[114],"alleviate":[122],"dependence":[123],"samples,":[126],"regular,":[128],"irregular":[129,162],"constraint,":[130],"cross-entropy":[132],"(CE)":[133],"loss":[134,181],"are":[135,227],"integrated":[136],"into":[137,171],"model.":[139],"regular":[141],"constraint":[142,163],"adopted":[144],"reconstruct":[146],"patches":[149],"ensure":[151],"quality":[153],"an":[158],"unsupervised":[159],"manner.":[160],"can":[164],"well":[165],"embed":[166],"unlabeled":[169],"samples":[170],"procedure":[173],"(SL).":[177],"CE":[180],"used":[183,201],"discriminative":[187],"using":[189],"limited":[191],"samples.":[193],"Finally,":[194],"we":[195],"perform":[196],"experiments":[197],"three":[199],"widely":[200],"HSI":[202],"datasets.":[203],"Compared":[204],"with":[205],"SL":[208],"model,":[209],"L\u2019s":[215],"popular":[220],"Salinas,":[221],"Indian":[222],"Pines,":[223],"PaviaU":[225],"datasets":[226],"increased":[228],"4.68%,":[230],"4.25%,":[231],"1.57%,":[233],"respectively.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
