{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3199747600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3109844","title":"Building Footprint Generation Through Convolutional Neural Networks With Attraction Field Representation","display_name":"Building Footprint Generation Through Convolutional Neural Networks With Attraction Field Representation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3199747600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3109844","mag":"3199747600"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3109844","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3109844","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/4358825/09538384.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/4358825/09538384.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100624316","display_name":"Qingyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1067-1222"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science in Earth Observation, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen (TUM), 80333 Munich, Germany, and also with the Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), German Aerospace Center (DLR), 82234 We\u00df ling, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science in Earth Observation, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen (TUM), 80333 Munich, Germany, and also with the Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), German Aerospace Center (DLR), 82234 We\u00df ling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024379450","display_name":"Lichao Mou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8407-6413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lichao Mou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science in Earth Observation, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen (TUM), 80333 Munich, Germany, and also with the Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), German Aerospace Center (DLR), 82234 We\u00df ling, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8407-6413","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science in Earth Observation, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen (TUM), 80333 Munich, Germany, and also with the Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), German Aerospace Center (DLR), 82234 We\u00df ling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090543058","display_name":"Yuansheng Hua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9238-2920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuansheng Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science in Earth Observation, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen (TUM), 80333 Munich, Germany, and also with the Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), German Aerospace Center (DLR), 82234 We\u00df ling, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9238-2920","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science in Earth Observation, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen (TUM), 80333 Munich, Germany, and also with the Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), German Aerospace Center (DLR), 82234 We\u00df ling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061007704","display_name":"Yilei Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7386-0026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111978","display_name":"Remote Sensing Solutions (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/023cs4y60","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111978"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yilei Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Remote Sensing Technology, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen (TUM), 80333 Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Remote Sensing Technology, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen (TUM), 80333 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111978","https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068384981","display_name":"Xiao Xiang Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5530-3613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111978","display_name":"Remote Sensing Solutions (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/023cs4y60","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111978"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Xiang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science in Earth Observation, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen (TUM), 80333 Munich, Germany, and also with the Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), German Aerospace Center (DLR), 82234 We\u00df ling, Germany (e-mail: xiaoxiang.zhu@dlr.de)","Data Science in Earth Observation, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen (TUM), 80333 Munich, Germany,","Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), German Aerospace Center (DLR), 82234 We\u00dfling, Germany","Remote Sensing Technology, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen (TUM), 80333 Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5530-3613","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science in Earth Observation, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen (TUM), 80333 Munich, Germany, and also with the Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), German Aerospace Center (DLR), 82234 We\u00df ling, Germany (e-mail: xiaoxiang.zhu@dlr.de)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science in Earth Observation, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen (TUM), 80333 Munich, Germany,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), German Aerospace Center (DLR), 82234 We\u00dfling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Technology, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen (TUM), 80333 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111978","https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":{"value":1484,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1600},"fwci":3.6004,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93138557,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7879093885421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/footprint","display_name":"Footprint","score":0.7590280175209045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7189594507217407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.6064144372940063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.59504634141922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5772922039031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5483813285827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4375552237033844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3765467703342438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3399738073348999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.325563907623291}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7879093885421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132943942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2562511","display_name":"Footprint","level":2,"score":0.7590280175209045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7189594507217407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6064144372940063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.59504634141922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5772922039031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5483813285827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4375552237033844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3765467703342438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3399738073348999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.325563907623291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3109844","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3109844","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/4358825/09538384.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:145755","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2021.3109844>.","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Zeitschriftenbeitrag"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1772135","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1772135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196330","display_name":"mediaTUM  (Technical University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3109844","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3109844","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/4358825/09538384.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2386659898","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZT-I-PF-5-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332086","funder_display_name":"Helmholtz Artificial Intelligence Cooperation Unit"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G434337789","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HORIZON2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G623313952","display_name":"K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz in der Erdbeobachtung: Schlussfolgern, Unsicherheiten, Ethik und dar\u00fcber hinaus","funder_award_id":"01DD20001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","funder_display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332086","display_name":"Helmholtz Artificial Intelligence Cooperation Unit","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3199747600.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3199747600.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1607790861","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1966411833","https://openalex.org/W1975520234","https://openalex.org/W1976827068","https://openalex.org/W2021278996","https://openalex.org/W2049287598","https://openalex.org/W2070974807","https://openalex.org/W2080518886","https://openalex.org/W2094682449","https://openalex.org/W2095905764","https://openalex.org/W2103054881","https://openalex.org/W2104095591","https://openalex.org/W2111308925","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2145158371","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2326674917","https://openalex.org/W2503140068","https://openalex.org/W2538244214","https://openalex.org/W2559597482","https://openalex.org/W2609402060","https://openalex.org/W2755226765","https://openalex.org/W2764034829","https://openalex.org/W2771102869","https://openalex.org/W2771852828","https://openalex.org/W2782522152","https://openalex.org/W2804451008","https://openalex.org/W2884821995","https://openalex.org/W2886482347","https://openalex.org/W2888799854","https://openalex.org/W2888889084","https://openalex.org/W2908320224","https://openalex.org/W2938425859","https://openalex.org/W2939647427","https://openalex.org/W2949351478","https://openalex.org/W2949763629","https://openalex.org/W2953809838","https://openalex.org/W2954896312","https://openalex.org/W2958781163","https://openalex.org/W2963406768","https://openalex.org/W2963525222","https://openalex.org/W2963659230","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2971095420","https://openalex.org/W2972009374","https://openalex.org/W2981989409","https://openalex.org/W2994434065","https://openalex.org/W2995801068","https://openalex.org/W2996327453","https://openalex.org/W3006570158","https://openalex.org/W3011868305","https://openalex.org/W3021057985","https://openalex.org/W3023053056","https://openalex.org/W3025346498","https://openalex.org/W3091945887","https://openalex.org/W3102112912","https://openalex.org/W3104282073","https://openalex.org/W3111896518","https://openalex.org/W3132424513","https://openalex.org/W3137744231","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6776779019"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2330537534","https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2368534554","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W3193565141","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W3029198973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Building":[0],"footprint":[1],"generation":[2],"is":[3,54,72,110,137],"a":[4,8,16],"vital":[5],"task":[6],"in":[7],"wide":[9],"range":[10],"of":[11,46,51,74,112,126,173],"applications,":[12],"including,":[13],"to":[14,42,63],"name":[15],"few,":[17],"land":[18],"use":[19],"management,":[20],"urban":[21],"planning":[22],"and":[23,25,89,116,152,170,185],"monitoring,":[24],"geographical":[26],"database":[27],"updating.":[28],"Most":[29],"existing":[30],"approaches":[31],"addressing":[32],"this":[33],"problem":[34],"fall":[35],"back":[36],"on":[37,105,139],"convolutional":[38],"neural":[39],"networks":[40],"(CNNs)":[41],"learn":[43,64],"semantic":[44],"masks":[45,125],"buildings.":[47],"However,":[48],"one":[49],"limitation":[50],"their":[52],"results":[53],"blurred":[55],"building":[56,69,114],"boundaries.":[57],"To":[58],"address":[59],"this,":[60],"we":[61,159],"propose":[62],"attraction":[65,101,131],"field":[66,102,132],"representation":[67,78,103],"for":[68],"boundaries,":[70],"which":[71,109,175],"capable":[73,111],"providing":[75],"an":[76,86,90,100,106],"enhanced":[77],"power.":[79],"Our":[80],"method":[81,136],"comprises":[82],"two":[83],"elemental":[84],"modules:":[85],"Img2AFM":[87],"module":[88,122],"AFM2Mask":[91],"module.":[92],"More":[93],"specifically,":[94],"the":[95,118,129,146,149,153,162],"former":[96],"aims":[97],"at":[98,189],"learning":[99],"conditioned":[104],"input":[107],"image,":[108],"enhancing":[113],"boundaries":[115,172],"suppressing":[117],"background.":[119],"The":[120,134,182],"latter":[121],"predicts":[123],"segmentation":[124],"buildings":[127],"using":[128],"learned":[130],"map.":[133],"proposed":[135,163],"evaluated":[138],"three":[140],"datasets":[141],"with":[142],"different":[143],"spatial":[144],"resolutions:":[145],"ISPRS":[147],"dataset,":[148,151],"INRIA":[150],"Planet":[154],"dataset.":[155],"From":[156],"experimental":[157],"results,":[158],"find":[160],"that":[161],"framework":[164],"can":[165],"well":[166],"preserve":[167],"geometric":[168],"shapes":[169],"sharp":[171],"buildings,":[174],"brings":[176],"significant":[177],"improvements":[178],"over":[179],"other":[180],"competitors.":[181],"trained":[183],"model":[184],"code":[186],"are":[187],"available":[188],"https://github.com/lqycrystal/AFM_building.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-04T08:18:43.703281","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
