{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3197715477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3106381","title":"An Unsupervised Remote Sensing Change Detection Method Based on Multiscale Graph Convolutional Network and Metric Learning","display_name":"An Unsupervised Remote Sensing Change Detection Method Based on Multiscale Graph Convolutional Network and Metric Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3197715477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3106381","mag":"3197715477"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3106381","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3106381","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059262797","display_name":"Xu Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1375-0778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xu Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101408516","display_name":"Huayu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0956-9073"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huayu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024379450","display_name":"Lichao Mou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8407-6413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lichao Mou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science in Earth Observation (SiPEO, former: Signal Processing in Earth Observation), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany","Remote Sensing Technology Institute, German Aerospace Center, Wessling, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science in Earth Observation (SiPEO, former: Signal Processing in Earth Observation), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Technology Institute, German Aerospace Center, Wessling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100453033","display_name":"Fang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9752-9530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Systems for High-Dimensional Information of Ministry of Education, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Systems for High-Dimensional Information of Ministry of Education, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049776440","display_name":"Xiangrong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0379-2042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangrong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068384981","display_name":"Xiao Xiang Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5530-3613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Xiang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science in Earth Observation (SiPEO, former: Signal Processing in Earth Observation), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany","Remote Sensing Technology Institute, German Aerospace Center, Wessling, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science in Earth Observation (SiPEO, former: Signal Processing in Earth Observation), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Technology Institute, German Aerospace Center, Wessling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050630882","display_name":"Licheng Jiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Licheng Jiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059262797"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.6281,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":128,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9892454,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9790999889373779,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9771999716758728,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8004003763198853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6067970395088196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5792281627655029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5431389808654785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5389687418937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.5290476679801941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5189211368560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.49839091300964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4929358959197998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/change-detection","display_name":"Change detection","score":0.4726753830909729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.4723207652568817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.46967798471450806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.44724974036216736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.438849538564682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.2476135790348053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.09048885107040405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8004003763198853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6067970395088196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5792281627655029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5431389808654785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5389687418937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.5290476679801941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5189211368560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.49839091300964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4929358959197998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203595873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25389927","display_name":"Change detection","level":2,"score":0.4726753830909729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4723207652568817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.46967798471450806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.44724974036216736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.438849538564682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2476135790348053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.09048885107040405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3106381","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3106381","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:145757","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2021.3106381>.","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1110774672","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YJS2115","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323230","funder_display_name":"Xidian University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2518223754","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"30919011281","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2655180113","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JSGP202101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4677402211","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5324547038","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171332","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5719699864","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61801351","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6190154228","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61802190","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7857146693","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017M620441","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323230","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1662382123","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1977904037","https://openalex.org/W1989203457","https://openalex.org/W2005368619","https://openalex.org/W2032234169","https://openalex.org/W2033587325","https://openalex.org/W2100335098","https://openalex.org/W2114161542","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2134969826","https://openalex.org/W2135228726","https://openalex.org/W2144552105","https://openalex.org/W2147555557","https://openalex.org/W2154451793","https://openalex.org/W2157026765","https://openalex.org/W2164995725","https://openalex.org/W2221448138","https://openalex.org/W2262249176","https://openalex.org/W2531619007","https://openalex.org/W2548582196","https://openalex.org/W2558460151","https://openalex.org/W2564140372","https://openalex.org/W2735042947","https://openalex.org/W2751993439","https://openalex.org/W2767043538","https://openalex.org/W2773075718","https://openalex.org/W2796426482","https://openalex.org/W2883305476","https://openalex.org/W2884276099","https://openalex.org/W2894544606","https://openalex.org/W2895281799","https://openalex.org/W2896365540","https://openalex.org/W2900663851","https://openalex.org/W2902788350","https://openalex.org/W2905224888","https://openalex.org/W2907492528","https://openalex.org/W2910587630","https://openalex.org/W2911648799","https://openalex.org/W2914666560","https://openalex.org/W2915550155","https://openalex.org/W2921442714","https://openalex.org/W2942105743","https://openalex.org/W2942855565","https://openalex.org/W2946373483","https://openalex.org/W2962767316","https://openalex.org/W2963091558","https://openalex.org/W2963486920","https://openalex.org/W2979204512","https://openalex.org/W2981895542","https://openalex.org/W3004423752","https://openalex.org/W3004704948","https://openalex.org/W3015038817","https://openalex.org/W3017051070","https://openalex.org/W3027886127","https://openalex.org/W3028306149","https://openalex.org/W3034183291","https://openalex.org/W3035441881","https://openalex.org/W3035526186","https://openalex.org/W3036616251","https://openalex.org/W3041026033","https://openalex.org/W3044310826","https://openalex.org/W3045603631","https://openalex.org/W3047443805","https://openalex.org/W3099831940","https://openalex.org/W3103695279","https://openalex.org/W3105553032","https://openalex.org/W4295312788","https://openalex.org/W6637178625","https://openalex.org/W6692962889","https://openalex.org/W6730389898","https://openalex.org/W6757374366","https://openalex.org/W6766978945","https://openalex.org/W6780372320"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2568858292","https://openalex.org/W1515964938","https://openalex.org/W2389381914","https://openalex.org/W2376528221","https://openalex.org/W196800607","https://openalex.org/W4390516098","https://openalex.org/W2359428812","https://openalex.org/W3181296946","https://openalex.org/W2181948922","https://openalex.org/W2015705630"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,68,90,167,173,179,191,195],"fundamental":[2],"application,":[3],"change":[4,36,135],"detection":[5],"(CD)":[6],"is":[7,102,128],"widespread":[8],"in":[9,18,39,107,144,252],"the":[10,16,19,50,63,98,113,138,216,249,267],"remote":[11,26],"sensing":[12,27],"(RS)":[13],"community.":[14],"With":[15],"increase":[17],"spatial":[20],"resolution":[21],"of":[22,62,71,87,93,166],"RS":[23,72,109],"images,":[24,126],"high-resolution":[25],"(HRRS)":[28],"image":[29,76,260],"CD":[30,99,151,261],"tasks":[31,73],"receive":[32],"growing":[33],"attention.":[34],"The":[35,187,233],"information":[37,136],"hidden":[38],"multitemporal":[40],"HRRS":[41,75,125,259],"images":[42,210],"could":[43],"help":[44,247],"discover":[45],"our":[46],"planet":[47],"comprehensively.":[48],"In":[49],"current":[51],"deep":[52],"learning":[53,83],"era,":[54],"convolutional":[55,158],"neural":[56],"networks":[57],"(CNNs)":[58],"have":[59],"become":[60],"one":[61],"most":[64,86],"powerful":[65],"tools":[66],"for":[67],"wide":[69],"range":[70],"including":[74],"CD,":[77],"due":[78],"to":[79,96,132,199,206,226,238,246],"their":[80],"superb":[81],"feature":[82,223],"capacity.":[84],"However,":[85],"them":[88,205],"need":[89],"large":[91],"amount":[92],"labeled":[94],"data":[95],"accomplish":[97,248],"process,":[100],"which":[101,127],"challenging":[103],"or":[104],"even":[105],"impractical":[106],"many":[108],"applications.":[110],"Also,":[111],"given":[112],"limited":[114],"valid":[115],"receptive":[116],"field,":[117],"CNNs":[118],"can":[119],"only":[120],"capture":[121],"short-range":[122],"context":[123],"within":[124],"probably":[129],"not":[130],"enough":[131],"fully":[133,169],"explore":[134],"from":[137],"images.":[139],"To":[140],"overcome":[141],"these":[142],"limitations,":[143],"this":[145],"article,":[146],"we":[147],"propose":[148],"an":[149,253],"unsupervised":[150,254],"method,":[152],"termed":[153],"GMCD,":[154],"based":[155,183],"on":[156,184,214,257],"graph":[157],"network":[159,171],"(GCN)":[160],"and":[161,178,194,203,218,229,244],"metric":[162,185],"learning.":[163,186],"GMCD":[164,265],"consists":[165],"Siamese":[168,188,192],"convolution":[170],"(FCN),":[172],"multiscale":[174,201],"dynamic":[175],"GCN":[176],"(Mlt-GCN),":[177],"pseudolabel":[180,234],"generation":[181,235],"mechanism":[182,236],"FCN":[189],"contains":[190],"encoder":[193],"pyramid-shaped":[196],"decoder,":[197],"aiming":[198],"extract":[200,227],"features":[202],"integrate":[204],"generate":[207],"reliable":[208,240],"difference":[209],"(DIs).":[211],"Mlt-GCN":[212],"focuses":[213],"capturing":[215],"short-":[217],"long-range":[219],"contextual":[220],"patterns":[221],"at":[222],"map":[224],"level":[225],"changed":[228],"unchanged":[230],"areas":[231],"completely.":[232],"aims":[237],"produce":[239],"pseudolabels":[241],"(changed,":[242],"unchanged,":[243],"uncertain)":[245],"model":[250],"training":[251],"way.":[255],"Experiments":[256],"four":[258],"datasets":[262],"demonstrate":[263],"that":[264],"outperforms":[266],"existing":[268],"state-of-the-art":[269],"methods.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T08:04:53.788161","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}