{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3193603691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3103251","title":"Vertical Structure-Based Classification of Oceanic Eddy Using 3-D Convolutional Neural Network","display_name":"Vertical Structure-Based Classification of Oceanic Eddy Using 3-D Convolutional Neural Network","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3193603691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3103251","mag":"3193603691"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3103251","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3103251","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059041277","display_name":"Baoxiang Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0380-419X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Baoxiang Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044344662","display_name":"Linyao Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8473-2529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linyao Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Technology, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Technology, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065324821","display_name":"X. Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1410-0857"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Technology, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Technology, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100359784","display_name":"Ge Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4868-5179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59028903","display_name":"Ocean University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04rdtx186","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ge Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Marine Technology, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Marine Technology, Institute for Advanced Ocean Study, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59028903"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059041277"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.2694,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96973337,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eddy","display_name":"Eddy","score":0.7559189796447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/altimeter","display_name":"Altimeter","score":0.6342384815216064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.605148434638977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anticyclone","display_name":"Anticyclone","score":0.5658875703811646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5565273761749268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.540552020072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4412241280078888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3891889750957489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35989609360694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3428422212600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.23771363496780396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.14526328444480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.07869240641593933}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179065325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994122","display_name":"Eddy","level":3,"score":0.7559189796447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17534553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216197","display_name":"Altimeter","level":2,"score":0.6342384815216064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.605148434638977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67320510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177414","display_name":"Anticyclone","level":2,"score":0.5658875703811646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5565273761749268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.540552020072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4412241280078888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3891889750957489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35989609360694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3428422212600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.23771363496780396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.14526328444480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07869240641593933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3103251","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3103251","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4106134059","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018SDKJ0102-8","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326721","funder_display_name":"Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7289552073","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2017MD004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8537504558","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFD0901001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321540","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G909231713","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42030406","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321540","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/027s68j25"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326721","display_name":"Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1902252384","https://openalex.org/W1960943748","https://openalex.org/W1974679953","https://openalex.org/W2084734249","https://openalex.org/W2094892216","https://openalex.org/W2113336035","https://openalex.org/W2121100861","https://openalex.org/W2133773252","https://openalex.org/W2152214301","https://openalex.org/W2165657651","https://openalex.org/W2179379460","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2253347676","https://openalex.org/W2528842504","https://openalex.org/W2585544026","https://openalex.org/W2591942981","https://openalex.org/W2743026384","https://openalex.org/W2750280556","https://openalex.org/W2752233074","https://openalex.org/W2767793144","https://openalex.org/W2789330493","https://openalex.org/W2897538550","https://openalex.org/W2900215136","https://openalex.org/W2909625457","https://openalex.org/W2909984649","https://openalex.org/W2940734615","https://openalex.org/W2941454731","https://openalex.org/W2948026328","https://openalex.org/W2952353298","https://openalex.org/W2994918955","https://openalex.org/W3011560410","https://openalex.org/W3012481989","https://openalex.org/W3033835801","https://openalex.org/W3035114316","https://openalex.org/W3049006505","https://openalex.org/W3049636423","https://openalex.org/W3049730874","https://openalex.org/W3110661901","https://openalex.org/W3112959111","https://openalex.org/W3113349378","https://openalex.org/W3125296629","https://openalex.org/W3140420700"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045317988","https://openalex.org/W4310072452","https://openalex.org/W4396626628","https://openalex.org/W284422315","https://openalex.org/W1978711948","https://openalex.org/W1991378962","https://openalex.org/W4255903739","https://openalex.org/W3150815555","https://openalex.org/W4321490030","https://openalex.org/W2327235336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,199],"eddy":[1,48,76,84,113,174,216,244],"identification":[2,77,217],"is":[3,55,64,87,100,125,169,206],"an":[4],"important":[5,234],"part":[6],"of":[7,10,72,171,195,215,239],"human":[8],"cognition":[9],"the":[11,27,30,47,59,66,70,82,91,94,104,112,121,130,144,153,166,181,186,193,196,208,213,237],"ocean.":[12],"Significant":[13],"achievements":[14],"have":[15],"been":[16],"made":[17],"by":[18,26,109,218,224],"using":[19,219],"sea":[20,37,105],"level":[21],"anomaly":[22],"(SLA)":[23],"data":[24,175],"observed":[25],"altimeter.":[28],"However,":[29],"abundant":[31],"eddies,":[32],"which":[33,127],"do":[34],"not":[35],"cause":[36],"surface":[38,106],"characteristic":[39],"anomalies,":[40],"cannot":[41],"be":[42,150,178],"identified.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45],"study,":[46],"subsurface":[49],"vertical":[50,79,98,114,220],"structure-oriented":[51,115],"3-D":[52,116,161,164,173],"neural":[53,117],"network":[54,118,123,155,168,183],"developed":[56],"to":[57,180,191],"classify":[58,129],"oceanic":[60,243],"eddies.":[61],"This":[62],"study":[63],"among":[65],"first":[67],"that":[68,93,207],"explores":[69],"ability":[71],"deep":[73],"learning":[74],"in":[75,152,242],"with":[78,103,226],"structure.":[80,184],"First,":[81],"purified":[83],"profiles":[85,99,221],"dataset":[86],"constructed":[88],"based":[89,119],"on":[90,120],"fact":[92],"structure":[95],"derived":[96],"from":[97,204],"highly":[101],"correlated":[102],"topography":[107],"detected":[108],"altimetry.":[110],"Then,":[111],"residual":[122],"(ResNet)":[124],"constructed,":[126],"can":[128,149,177,211],"eddies":[131,134,137],"as":[132,156,222],"anticyclonic":[133],"(AEs),":[135],"cyclonic":[136],"(CEs),":[138],"and":[139,146,163,176],"noneddies":[140],"(NEs)":[141],"effectively.":[142],"Furthermore,":[143],"spatial":[145],"temporal":[147],"features":[148],"combined":[151],"proposed":[154,167,197,209],"external":[157],"factors.":[158],"Meanwhile,":[159],"through":[160],"convolutions":[162],"pooling,":[165],"capable":[170],"modeling":[172],"extended":[179],"deeper":[182],"Finally,":[185],"classification":[187,228],"experiments":[188,205],"are":[189],"implemented":[190],"validate":[192],"performance":[194],"methodology.":[198],"most":[200],"striking":[201],"result":[202],"emerging":[203],"method":[210],"expand":[212],"capacity":[214],"calibrated":[223],"altimetry":[225],"competitive":[227],"performance.":[229],"Together":[230],"these":[231],"results":[232],"provide":[233],"insights":[235],"into":[236],"application":[238],"artificial":[240],"intelligence":[241],"research.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
