{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3195018623","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3102072","title":"Linear-Array-MIMO SAR Tomography: An Autofocus Approach for Time-Variant and 3-D Space-Variant Motion Errors","display_name":"Linear-Array-MIMO SAR Tomography: An Autofocus Approach for Time-Variant and 3-D Space-Variant Motion Errors","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3195018623","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3102072","mag":"3195018623"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3102072","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3102072","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026326765","display_name":"Linghao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6415-1519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linghao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radar Research Laboratory, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6415-1519","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radar Research Laboratory, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006501128","display_name":"Zegang Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2967-4936"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50632499","display_name":"Chongqing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04vgbd477","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50632499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zegang Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing, China","Radar Research Laboratory, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2967-4936","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50632499","https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radar Research Laboratory, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065430171","display_name":"Yan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2540-5824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50632499","display_name":"Chongqing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04vgbd477","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50632499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing, China","Radar Research Laboratory, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2540-5824","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50632499","https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radar Research Laboratory, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102715605","display_name":"Wenbin Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8727-7931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202334528","display_name":"Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdzh226","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202334528"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenbin Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202334528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079283667","display_name":"Minkun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5847-5653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minkun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radar Research Laboratory, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5847-5653","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radar Research Laboratory, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079848155","display_name":"Tianyi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5667-140X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radar Research Laboratory, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5667-140X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radar Research Laboratory, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032778722","display_name":"Weiming Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2183-0519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50632499","display_name":"Chongqing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04vgbd477","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50632499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiming Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing, China","Radar Research Laboratory, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50632499","https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radar Research Laboratory, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100684228","display_name":"Tao Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2513-6014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50632499","display_name":"Chongqing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04vgbd477","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50632499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing, China","Radar Research Laboratory, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2513-6014","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50632499","https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radar Research Laboratory, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.4732,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96714055,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autofocus","display_name":"Autofocus","score":0.7921783328056335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6339709758758545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5883344411849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5351309180259705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5202394723892212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4202338457107544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-reconstruction","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","score":0.41779637336730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19061172008514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.1702987253665924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1011626124382019}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103764139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210008","display_name":"Autofocus","level":3,"score":0.7921783328056335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6339709758758545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5883344411849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5351309180259705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5202394723892212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4202338457107544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.41779637336730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19061172008514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.1702987253665924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1011626124382019}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3102072","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3102072","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2511721429","display_name":"Ka\u6ce2\u6bb5\u661f\u8f7d\u5927\u659c\u89c6\u573a\u666f\u5339\u914dSAR\u6210\u50cf\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61971042","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3015886338","display_name":"\u6708\u7403\u4e0e\u8fd1\u5730\u5c0f\u5929\u4f53\u7684\u5730\u57fa\u96f7\u8fbe\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u6210\u50cf\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"11833001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6996062878","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u5c04\u7535\u5929\u6587\u671b\u8fdc\u955c\u7684\u591a\u57fa\u5730\u96f7\u8fbe\u5929\u4f53\u4e09\u7ef4\u6210\u50cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61931002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7433239592","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61625103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336125","funder_display_name":"National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8413856801","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u7ed3\u6784\u5065\u5eb7\u76d1\u6d4b\u7684MIMO\u96f7\u8fbe\u5fae\u5f31\u53d8\u5f62\u4e0e\u632f\u52a8\u6d4b\u91cf\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61971037","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336125","display_name":"National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W357677209","https://openalex.org/W1512065934","https://openalex.org/W1527747735","https://openalex.org/W1949542037","https://openalex.org/W1983019295","https://openalex.org/W1988365767","https://openalex.org/W2018301928","https://openalex.org/W2025943163","https://openalex.org/W2083180366","https://openalex.org/W2099248592","https://openalex.org/W2106380328","https://openalex.org/W2110244368","https://openalex.org/W2110965352","https://openalex.org/W2116375409","https://openalex.org/W2129540068","https://openalex.org/W2138863700","https://openalex.org/W2151187453","https://openalex.org/W2159094101","https://openalex.org/W2430254423","https://openalex.org/W2611394947","https://openalex.org/W2740900343","https://openalex.org/W2807716068","https://openalex.org/W2942820218","https://openalex.org/W2964664459","https://openalex.org/W2984050165","https://openalex.org/W3049632085"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2059320410","https://openalex.org/W2067469524","https://openalex.org/W2083992722","https://openalex.org/W2763904007","https://openalex.org/W1755453833","https://openalex.org/W2088264922","https://openalex.org/W2054220418","https://openalex.org/W2557037589","https://openalex.org/W2065642904","https://openalex.org/W2040249954"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Linear-array":[0],"multiple-input\u2013multiple-output":[1],"(LA-MIMO)":[2],"synthetic":[3],"aperture":[4],"radar":[5,10],"(SAR)":[6],"can":[7],"obtain":[8,168],"3-D":[9,105,134,156,160,171],"images":[11],"by":[12,146],"only":[13],"one":[14],"pass.":[15],"However,":[16],"it":[17],"is":[18,40,89,115,165],"sensitive":[19],"to":[20,49,117,153,167],"time-variant":[21,28,85,121,133],"measurement":[22],"errors":[23,61],"of":[24,64,137,173,186,204],"curved":[25],"track":[26],"and":[27,55,81,107,141,197],"attitude":[29,142],"angles,":[30],"meaning":[31],"that":[32],"autofocus":[33,44,74],"processing":[34],"for":[35,183],"the":[36,51,65,82,92,99,108,119,127,132,138,147,155,159,169,174,184,195,202,205],"LA-MIMO":[37,66,83,192],"SAR":[38,84],"tomography":[39,185],"necessary.":[41],"The":[42,177],"existing":[43],"methods":[45],"cannot":[46],"be":[47],"used":[48],"estimate":[50,118],"<italic":[52,56],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[53,57],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">time-variant</i>":[54],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">3-D":[58],"space-variant</i>":[59],"motion":[60,86,94,122,129],"(3-D":[62],"SVME)":[63],"SAR.":[67,193],"To":[68],"solve":[69,154],"this":[70],"problem,":[71],"a":[72,187],"new":[73,188],"approach":[75,179],"based":[76,97,125],"on":[77,98,126],"multiple":[78],"local":[79,93,101,113,120],"autofocusing":[80,114],"error":[87,95,130],"estimation":[88,96,151],"proposed.":[90],"First,":[91],"fast":[100,161],"spectral":[102],"analysis":[103],"(SPECAN)":[104],"imaging":[106],"maximum":[109],"contrast":[110],"optimization":[111],"2-D":[112],"performed":[116,166],"errors.":[123],"Then,":[124],"linear-array":[128],"model,":[131],"trajectory":[135],"deviations":[136],"array":[139],"center":[140],"angles":[143],"are":[144],"estimated":[145],"weighted":[148],"least":[149],"square":[150],"(WLSE)":[152],"SVMEs.":[157],"Last,":[158],"factorized":[162],"backprojection":[163],"(FFBP)":[164],"well-focused":[170],"image":[172],"whole":[175],"beam.":[176],"proposed":[178,206],"has":[180],"been":[181],"applied":[182],"crawler-type":[189],"unmanned-ground-vehicle":[190],"(UGV)":[191],"Both":[194],"simulation":[196],"real":[198],"data":[199],"experiments":[200],"verify":[201],"effectiveness":[203],"approach.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
