{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3185882461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3097594","title":"A New Algorithm for Determining the Noise Equivalent Delta Temperature of In-Orbit Microwave Radiometers","display_name":"A New Algorithm for Determining the Noise Equivalent Delta Temperature of In-Orbit Microwave Radiometers","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3185882461","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3097594","mag":"3185882461"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3097594","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3097594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101843186","display_name":"John Xun Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4446-2779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144776","display_name":"Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center","ror":"https://ror.org/042607708","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144776","https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Xun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC)/Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4446-2779","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC)/Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144776","https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100646744","display_name":"Hu Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5651-4225"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144776","display_name":"Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center","ror":"https://ror.org/042607708","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144776","https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC)/Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5651-4225","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC)/Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies (CISESS), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144776","https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3945,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95229749,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12019","display_name":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12019","display_name":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometer","display_name":"Radiometer","score":0.7982388734817505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.7672480344772339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiance","display_name":"Radiance","score":0.6452456712722778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5882161855697632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orbit","display_name":"Orbit (dynamics)","score":0.5846297144889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5540178418159485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometry","display_name":"Radiometry","score":0.5016882419586182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49085360765457153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.44176802039146423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-radiometer","display_name":"Microwave radiometer","score":0.4204511046409607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3401173949241638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.23662957549095154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.146406352519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.14588534832000732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12418997287750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1189194917678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11655271053314209}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120189094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850281","display_name":"Radiometer","level":2,"score":0.7982388734817505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.7672480344772339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23690007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411145","display_name":"Radiance","level":2,"score":0.6452456712722778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5882161855697632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196644772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3884964","display_name":"Orbit (dynamics)","level":2,"score":0.5846297144889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5540178418159485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87456703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q247760","display_name":"Radiometry","level":2,"score":0.5016882419586182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49085360765457153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.44176802039146423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96960616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3814470","display_name":"Microwave radiometer","level":3,"score":0.4204511046409607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3401173949241638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23662957549095154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.146406352519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.14588534832000732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12418997287750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1189194917678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11655271053314209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3097594","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3097594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5330321839","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NA19NES4320002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","funder_display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W385663865","https://openalex.org/W1519701469","https://openalex.org/W1569638374","https://openalex.org/W1653890114","https://openalex.org/W1939894484","https://openalex.org/W1977028732","https://openalex.org/W2015660387","https://openalex.org/W2058440821","https://openalex.org/W2072210488","https://openalex.org/W2100846830","https://openalex.org/W2116044800","https://openalex.org/W2131420149","https://openalex.org/W2146104749","https://openalex.org/W2155470228","https://openalex.org/W2161440964","https://openalex.org/W2168317491","https://openalex.org/W2487770199","https://openalex.org/W2530126272","https://openalex.org/W2530270395","https://openalex.org/W2570365658","https://openalex.org/W2618376619","https://openalex.org/W2746445441","https://openalex.org/W2888549270","https://openalex.org/W2916402402","https://openalex.org/W3038051965"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392000060","https://openalex.org/W2005469652","https://openalex.org/W2381259876","https://openalex.org/W2016007472","https://openalex.org/W2360231461","https://openalex.org/W2413930784","https://openalex.org/W2140108161","https://openalex.org/W2005776842","https://openalex.org/W2063863367","https://openalex.org/W751870123"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,84,181],"noise":[1],"equivalent":[2],"delta":[3],"temperature":[4],"(NEDT)":[5],"determines":[6],"the":[7,19,89,113,124,170,186,191,195,212],"radiometric":[8],"resolution":[9],"of":[10,34,55,118,135,161,188,197],"a":[11],"radiometer.":[12],"Determining":[13],"NEDT":[14,54,67,90,129,208],"is":[15,86,109],"indispensable":[16],"for":[17,50,65,82,88,127,144],"assessing":[18],"in-orbit":[20,56,177,207],"radiometer":[21],"performance":[22],"and":[23,38,41,52,68,130,138,167,179,193,200,209],"quantifying":[24,211],"uncertainty":[25,214],"propagation":[26,215],"from":[27],"radiance":[28],"to":[29,79,111],"climate":[30],"data":[31],"records.":[32],"Agencies":[33],"EUMETSAT,":[35],"UK":[36],"MetOffice,":[37],"National":[39],"Oceanic":[40],"Atmospheric":[42],"Administration":[43],"(NOAA)":[44],"have":[45,74,122,141,164],"developed":[46,131,142],"their":[47],"own":[48],"algorithms":[49,60],"calculating":[51],"monitoring":[53,66],"microwave":[57],"radiometers.":[58],"These":[59],"are":[61],"an":[62,132,158],"essential":[63],"means":[64],"hardware":[69],"health.":[70],"While":[71],"remarkable":[72],"accomplishments":[73],"been":[75],"made,":[76],"there":[77],"appears":[78],"be":[80],"room":[81],"improvement.":[83],"investigation":[85],"needed":[87],"underestimate":[91,160],"found":[92],"at":[93],"channels":[94],"like":[95],"G-band":[96,192],"that":[97,148],"has":[98],"pronounced":[99],"<inline-formula":[100],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[101],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[102],"<tex-math":[103],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$1/f$":[104],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[105],"noise.":[106],"Also,":[107],"it":[108],"necessary":[110],"explain":[112],"inconsistency":[114],"in":[115,151],"calculated":[116],"NEDTs":[117],"different":[119],"algorithms.":[120],"We":[121,140,163],"reviewed":[123],"theoretical":[125],"basis":[126],"determining":[128],"improved":[133],"algorithm":[134,183,198],"clear":[136],"physics":[137],"mathematics.":[139],"methods":[143],"handling":[145],"error":[146],"sources":[147],"can":[149,204],"result":[150],"either":[152],"negative":[153],"or":[154],"positive":[155],"biases":[156],"with":[157,169],"overall":[159],"NEDT.":[162],"done":[165],"comparison":[166],"validation":[168],"prelaunch":[171],"thermal":[172],"vacuum":[173],"chamber":[174],"(TVAC)":[175],"test,":[176],"data,":[178],"simulation.":[180],"new":[182],"significantly":[184],"improves":[185],"estimate":[187],"NEDT,":[189],"including":[190],"advances":[194],"understanding":[196],"structures":[199],"physical":[201],"foundations.":[202],"It":[203],"accurately":[205],"monitor":[206],"facilitate":[210],"associated":[213],"through":[216],"science":[217],"products.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}