{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3191036819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3093334","title":"Information Fusion for Classification of Hyperspectral and LiDAR Data Using IP-CNN","display_name":"Information Fusion for Classification of Hyperspectral and LiDAR Data Using IP-CNN","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3191036819","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3093334","mag":"3191036819"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3093334","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3093334","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100442192","display_name":"Mengmeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5724-9785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengmeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5724-9785","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100317994","display_name":"Wei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7015-7335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7015-7335","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067803447","display_name":"Ran Tao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5243-7189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ran Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5243-7189","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015155189","display_name":"Heng-Chao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9735-570X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hengchao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Coding and Transmission, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9735-570X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Coding and Transmission, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033017179","display_name":"Qian Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8354-7500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99041443","display_name":"Mississippi State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0432jq872","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141039","https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8354-7500","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99041443"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.8961,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":198,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99366601,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.8064262866973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7473329901695251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.7167321443557739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5721994638442993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5630640387535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.5546954274177551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.540170431137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.49454638361930847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.4289172291755676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4183337092399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3390960693359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10647931694984436}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.8064262866973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7473329901695251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.7167321443557739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5721994638442993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5630640387535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.5546954274177551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.540170431137085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.49454638361930847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.4289172291755676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4183337092399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3390960693359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10647931694984436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3093334","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3093334","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4061123539","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020M670163","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4417359500","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1833203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4883068204","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62001023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G572899642","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JQ20021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7394983629","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61922013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W625476304","https://openalex.org/W1497089125","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1990077509","https://openalex.org/W2008056655","https://openalex.org/W2011085793","https://openalex.org/W2029992428","https://openalex.org/W2050809401","https://openalex.org/W2067874135","https://openalex.org/W2104269704","https://openalex.org/W2111072639","https://openalex.org/W2320846209","https://openalex.org/W2346557146","https://openalex.org/W2548791488","https://openalex.org/W2565258258","https://openalex.org/W2583638424","https://openalex.org/W2600746131","https://openalex.org/W2606929568","https://openalex.org/W2611452721","https://openalex.org/W2614256707","https://openalex.org/W2626015899","https://openalex.org/W2751033422","https://openalex.org/W2765739551","https://openalex.org/W2822065499","https://openalex.org/W2889192935","https://openalex.org/W2890133123","https://openalex.org/W2899869235","https://openalex.org/W2901123978","https://openalex.org/W2901461790","https://openalex.org/W2901692736","https://openalex.org/W2947295162","https://openalex.org/W2970213471","https://openalex.org/W2985648308","https://openalex.org/W2994639710","https://openalex.org/W3003482697","https://openalex.org/W3004968762","https://openalex.org/W3016244469","https://openalex.org/W3040988483","https://openalex.org/W3081753142","https://openalex.org/W3103753223","https://openalex.org/W3104795559","https://openalex.org/W3105298104","https://openalex.org/W3105997607","https://openalex.org/W3111057163","https://openalex.org/W3113299742","https://openalex.org/W3121000959","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6683590716","https://openalex.org/W6683633756"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2783354812","https://openalex.org/W4384112194","https://openalex.org/W2103009189","https://openalex.org/W4312958259","https://openalex.org/W4308259661","https://openalex.org/W4390813131","https://openalex.org/W2349383066","https://openalex.org/W4328132048","https://openalex.org/W2594043982","https://openalex.org/W3036493597"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Joint":[0],"use":[1],"of":[2,34,44,72,137],"multisensor":[3,23],"information":[4,21,51,66,119],"has":[5],"attracted":[6],"considerable":[7],"attention":[8],"in":[9,16],"the":[10,97,135,138,140,161],"remote":[11],"sensing":[12],"community.":[13],"While":[14],"applications":[15],"land-cover":[17],"observation":[18],"benefit":[19],"from":[20],"diversity,":[22],"integration":[24],"technique":[25],"is":[26,61,87,100],"confronted":[27],"with":[28,102,170],"many":[29],"challenges,":[30],"including":[31],"inconsistent":[32],"size":[33],"data,":[35,150,152],"different":[36],"data":[37,94,123],"structures,":[38],"uncorrelated":[39],"physical":[40],"properties,":[41],"and":[42,67,76,79,92,96,111,153],"scarcity":[43],"training":[45,172],"data.":[46,82],"In":[47],"this":[48],"article,":[49],"an":[50],"fusion":[52],"network,":[53],"named":[54],"interleaving":[55],"perception":[56],"convolutional":[57],"neural":[58],"network":[59],"(IP-CNN),":[60],"proposed":[62,162],"for":[63,130],"integrating":[64],"heterogeneous":[65],"improving":[68],"joint":[69],"classification":[70],"performance":[71],"hyperspectral":[73,91],"image":[74],"(HSI)":[75],"light":[77],"detection":[78],"ranging":[80],"(LiDAR)":[81],"Specifically,":[83],"a":[84,127],"bidirectional":[85],"autoencoder":[86],"designed":[88],"to":[89],"reconstruct":[90],"LiDAR":[93],"together,":[95],"reconstruction":[98],"process":[99],"trained":[101],"no":[103],"dependence":[104],"upon":[105],"annotated":[106],"information.":[107],"Both":[108],"HSI-perception":[109],"constraint":[110,113],"LiDAR-perception":[112],"are":[114,124],"imposed":[115],"on":[116],"multisource":[117],"structural":[118],"integration.":[120],"Accordingly,":[121],"fused":[122],"fed":[125],"into":[126],"two-branch":[128],"CNN":[129],"final":[131,157],"classification.":[132],"To":[133],"validate":[134],"effectiveness":[136],"model,":[139],"experiments":[141],"were":[142],"conducted":[143],"using":[144],"three":[145],"datasets":[146],"(i.e.,":[147],"Muufl":[148],"Gulfport":[149],"Trento":[151],"Houston":[154],"data).":[155],"The":[156],"results":[158],"demonstrate":[159],"that":[160],"framework":[163],"can":[164],"significantly":[165],"outperform":[166],"state-of-the-art":[167],"methods":[168],"even":[169],"small-size":[171],"samples.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":53},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
