{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3181716991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3093014","title":"Three-Dimensional Variation in Light Quality in the Upper Water Column Revealed With a Single Parameter","display_name":"Three-Dimensional Variation in Light Quality in the Upper Water Column Revealed With a Single Parameter","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3181716991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3093014","mag":"3181716991"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3093014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3093014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027844391","display_name":"Zhongping Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5477-8991"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33434090","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Boston","ror":"https://ror.org/04ydmy275","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33434090"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhongping Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5477-8991","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33434090"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007772416","display_name":"Shaoling Shang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8109-9468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaoling Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8109-9468","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100779297","display_name":"Yonghong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8508-0577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonghong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029984438","display_name":"Kelly Luis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9975-3480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33434090","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Boston","ror":"https://ror.org/04ydmy275","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33434090"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kelly Luis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33434090"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000330733","display_name":"Minhan Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0550-0701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minhan Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0550-0701","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100635298","display_name":"Yongchao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7121-1070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongchao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027844391"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33434090"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.762,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71213633,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10032","display_name":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10032","display_name":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10341","display_name":"Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies","score":0.9733999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9610000252723694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/downwelling","display_name":"Downwelling","score":0.48364126682281494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.44491592049598694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-curve","display_name":"Light curve","score":0.4156011939048767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4116429388523102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.23144283890724182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.18796154856681824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.16596677899360657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrophysics","display_name":"Astrophysics","score":0.15526723861694336}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119601563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2315892","display_name":"Downwelling","level":3,"score":0.48364126682281494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.44491592049598694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130726490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q675076","display_name":"Light curve","level":2,"score":0.4156011939048767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4116429388523102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23144283890724182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.18796154856681824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.16596677899360657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.15526723861694336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149348798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215915","display_name":"Upwelling","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3093014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3093014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6367206904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41890803","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7665777280","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41830102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G846010644","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41941008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313188","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Boston","ror":"https://ror.org/04ydmy275"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":83,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W177590543","https://openalex.org/W234844209","https://openalex.org/W339356786","https://openalex.org/W1532270673","https://openalex.org/W1564498658","https://openalex.org/W1754304843","https://openalex.org/W1939482314","https://openalex.org/W1969753304","https://openalex.org/W1975881204","https://openalex.org/W1977197797","https://openalex.org/W1982794055","https://openalex.org/W1985349596","https://openalex.org/W1992460951","https://openalex.org/W1995811252","https://openalex.org/W2004890324","https://openalex.org/W2008941554","https://openalex.org/W2012004005","https://openalex.org/W2019714569","https://openalex.org/W2028709682","https://openalex.org/W2029902585","https://openalex.org/W2033394533","https://openalex.org/W2035225180","https://openalex.org/W2037130057","https://openalex.org/W2040149203","https://openalex.org/W2040649777","https://openalex.org/W2042042580","https://openalex.org/W2044584409","https://openalex.org/W2049411535","https://openalex.org/W2049642579","https://openalex.org/W2051663919","https://openalex.org/W2056262171","https://openalex.org/W2059923548","https://openalex.org/W2060165128","https://openalex.org/W2062639901","https://openalex.org/W2065141406","https://openalex.org/W2074468873","https://openalex.org/W2077015031","https://openalex.org/W2078040702","https://openalex.org/W2079829413","https://openalex.org/W2094038765","https://openalex.org/W2099192465","https://openalex.org/W2103348345","https://openalex.org/W2103823505","https://openalex.org/W2105861984","https://openalex.org/W2123944661","https://openalex.org/W2125059113","https://openalex.org/W2126340330","https://openalex.org/W2127483850","https://openalex.org/W2130621791","https://openalex.org/W2132669959","https://openalex.org/W2132983173","https://openalex.org/W2137178462","https://openalex.org/W2138241223","https://openalex.org/W2146912782","https://openalex.org/W2155005486","https://openalex.org/W2155782014","https://openalex.org/W2155821733","https://openalex.org/W2170178421","https://openalex.org/W2170563701","https://openalex.org/W2172000614","https://openalex.org/W2173725642","https://openalex.org/W2176363601","https://openalex.org/W2182844247","https://openalex.org/W2598783369","https://openalex.org/W2605994831","https://openalex.org/W2624211860","https://openalex.org/W2798175186","https://openalex.org/W2802673723","https://openalex.org/W2885291290","https://openalex.org/W2898240591","https://openalex.org/W2912318001","https://openalex.org/W2930896652","https://openalex.org/W2955201471","https://openalex.org/W2964265126","https://openalex.org/W2995287462","https://openalex.org/W3007467690","https://openalex.org/W3031042838","https://openalex.org/W3034043669","https://openalex.org/W3037289197","https://openalex.org/W3080077900","https://openalex.org/W3164668625","https://openalex.org/W4247495405","https://openalex.org/W6795998238"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2125103907","https://openalex.org/W1999545906","https://openalex.org/W2387846325","https://openalex.org/W845208704","https://openalex.org/W2068042458","https://openalex.org/W1992077674","https://openalex.org/W2034974912","https://openalex.org/W2513934266","https://openalex.org/W2909697115","https://openalex.org/W2172550942"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0,38],"the":[1,4,11,57,60,73,90,143,147,152,155,159,186,198,202,214,219],"first":[2],"time":[3],"vertical":[5],"variation":[6],"in":[7,10,31,33,83,94,99,149,201],"light":[8,84,100,150,156,164,199,220],"quality":[9,85,101,157,200],"global":[12,113],"ocean":[13,109,204,234],"is":[14,48,167],"quantified":[15],"with":[16,105,205],"a":[17,175,207],"single":[18,208],"parameter\u2014the":[19],"hue":[20],"angle":[21],"(":[22],"<inline-formula":[23,41,63,116],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[24,42,64,117],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[25,43,65,118],"<tex-math":[26,44,66,119],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\alpha":[27,45,67,120],"_{E}$":[28,46,68,121],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[29,47,69,122],",":[30],"degree)":[32],"chromaticity":[34],"of":[35,59,80,115,125,130,161,177,228],"downwelling":[36],"irradiance.":[37],"oceanic":[39],"waters,":[40],"~140\u00b0":[49],"at":[50,56],"surface,":[51,74],"but":[52],"it":[53],"becomes":[54],"~230\u00b0":[55],"bottom":[58],"euphotic":[61],"zone;":[62],"changes":[70],"rapidly":[71],"near":[72],"and":[75,128,158,196,209,217,231,236],"we":[76],"term":[77],"this":[78,170],"layer":[79],"rapid":[81],"change":[82,148],"as":[86],"chromocline,":[87],"analogous":[88],"to":[89,141,145,165,212],"thermocline":[91],"or":[92,179],"pycnocline":[93],"oceanography.":[95,237],"The":[96],"3-D":[97],"variations":[98],"are":[102,136],"further":[103,232],"highlighted":[104],"data":[106],"from":[107],"satellite":[108],"color":[110],"measurements,":[111],"where":[112,169],"distributions":[114],"for":[123],"depths":[124],"99%,":[126],"37%,":[127],"1%":[129],"surface":[131],"photosynthetically":[132],"available":[133],"radiation":[134],"(PAR)":[135],"presented.":[137],"As":[138],"an":[139],"example":[140],"demonstrate":[142],"importance":[144],"consider":[146],"quality,":[151],"relationship":[153],"between":[154],"ratio":[160,171,187],"phytoplankton":[162],"absorbed":[163],"PAR":[166],"presented":[168],"may":[172],"vary":[173],"by":[174],"factor":[176],"3":[178],"more":[180],"under":[181],"different":[182],"chlorophyll-a":[183],"concentrations;":[184],"otherwise,":[185],"would":[188],"be":[189],"constant":[190],"vertically.":[191],"We":[192],"advocate":[193],"quantitative":[194],"measurement":[195,216],"report":[197,218],"upper":[203],"such":[206],"objective":[210],"parameter":[211],"accompany":[213],"routine":[215],"intensity,":[221],"which":[222],"will":[223],"greatly":[224],"improve":[225],"our":[226],"understanding":[227],"light-related":[229],"processes":[230],"bridge":[233],"optics":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}