{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3169753161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3082137","title":"Passive and Active Multiple Scattering of Forests Using Radiative Transfer Theory With an Iterative Approach and Cyclical Corrections","display_name":"Passive and Active Multiple Scattering of Forests Using Radiative Transfer Theory With an Iterative Approach and Cyclical Corrections","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3169753161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3082137","mag":"3169753161"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3082137","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3082137","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056745083","display_name":"Maryam Salim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0180-6255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maryam Salim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0180-6255","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090060473","display_name":"Shurun Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7331-3484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shurun Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","Zhejiang University/University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7331-3484","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University/University of Illinois at Urbana\u2013Champaign Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692","https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045425028","display_name":"Roger De Roo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8391-2950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roger D. De Roo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8391-2950","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008146196","display_name":"Andreas Colliander","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4093-8119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Colliander","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4093-8119","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049740845","display_name":"Kamal Sarabandi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2716-4622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamal Sarabandi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2716-4622","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056745083"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6403,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64122471,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-transfer","display_name":"Radiative transfer","score":0.7281531095504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.7182092666625977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5138638019561768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness-temperature","display_name":"Brightness temperature","score":0.48612451553344727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-physics","display_name":"Computational physics","score":0.46836531162261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4469616711139679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness","display_name":"Brightness","score":0.4260258674621582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.25717562437057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.10817301273345947}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.7281531095504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.7182092666625977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5138638019561768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53802167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4538627","display_name":"Brightness temperature","level":3,"score":0.48612451553344727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.46836531162261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4469616711139679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125245961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221656","display_name":"Brightness","level":2,"score":0.4260258674621582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.25717562437057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.10817301273345947}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3082137","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3082137","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G304005370","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNX17AD66G","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332375","funder_display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322927","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332375","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505131627","https://openalex.org/W1531599839","https://openalex.org/W1588167619","https://openalex.org/W1661217331","https://openalex.org/W1661856146","https://openalex.org/W1974445113","https://openalex.org/W1977656857","https://openalex.org/W1987152928","https://openalex.org/W1991961601","https://openalex.org/W1995205889","https://openalex.org/W2003962096","https://openalex.org/W2021627187","https://openalex.org/W2027900120","https://openalex.org/W2039348932","https://openalex.org/W2050890901","https://openalex.org/W2072567364","https://openalex.org/W2078143000","https://openalex.org/W2081721247","https://openalex.org/W2084670992","https://openalex.org/W2091160864","https://openalex.org/W2091365114","https://openalex.org/W2094728101","https://openalex.org/W2105340386","https://openalex.org/W2111537398","https://openalex.org/W2116428100","https://openalex.org/W2132052377","https://openalex.org/W2133735645","https://openalex.org/W2135516449","https://openalex.org/W2135786693","https://openalex.org/W2136228209","https://openalex.org/W2136950954","https://openalex.org/W2141348340","https://openalex.org/W2144137496","https://openalex.org/W2151725987","https://openalex.org/W2153451646","https://openalex.org/W2155266879","https://openalex.org/W2162960236","https://openalex.org/W2166864828","https://openalex.org/W2167759396","https://openalex.org/W2167844758","https://openalex.org/W2170235700","https://openalex.org/W2205728179","https://openalex.org/W2291523630","https://openalex.org/W2438514171","https://openalex.org/W2478698305","https://openalex.org/W2592532928","https://openalex.org/W2766373347","https://openalex.org/W2786704807","https://openalex.org/W2966143919","https://openalex.org/W2982490811","https://openalex.org/W2988445670","https://openalex.org/W6630333940"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2083599106","https://openalex.org/W1983414154","https://openalex.org/W2111586823","https://openalex.org/W2042943922","https://openalex.org/W2390005173","https://openalex.org/W1965407013","https://openalex.org/W2044619931","https://openalex.org/W3191234214","https://openalex.org/W4384701489","https://openalex.org/W1654499644"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,87,108,154,209],"this":[1,299],"article,":[2],"a":[3,66],"unified":[4],"framework":[5,39],"of":[6,20,48,163,298],"vegetation":[7,29,59,269],"scattering":[8,98,104,187,229,248,270],"using":[9],"radiative":[10],"transfer":[11],"(RT)":[12],"theory":[13],"for":[14,41,70,146,158,200,206,239,244,254,268],"passive":[15,43,72,147,156,282],"and":[16,44,73,100,117,143,148,185,203,226,241,283],"active":[17,45,74,110,149,211,284],"remote":[18,150],"sensing":[19,151],"vegetated":[21,50],"land":[22],"surfaces,":[23],"especially":[24,258],"those":[25],"associated":[26,95],"with":[27,52,92,96,161,271,280],"moderate-to-large":[28],"water":[30],"contents":[31],"(VWCs),":[32],"e.g.,":[33],"forest":[34,136,159],"field,":[35],"is":[36,120,130,219,235,249,265,278],"presented.":[37],"The":[38,128,262],"allows":[40,78],"modeling":[42],"microwave":[46],"signatures":[47],"the":[49,53,58,109,140,155,173,176,181,210,213,222,227,275,281,296],"field":[51,160],"same":[54],"physical":[55],"parameters":[56],"describing":[57],"structure.":[60],"RT":[61],"equations":[62],"are":[63,106,115],"solved":[64],"by":[65,122],"numerical":[67],"iterative":[68,111],"approach":[69,77,264],"both":[71],"configurations.":[75],"This":[76],"including":[79],"higher":[80],"order":[81],"scattering,":[82],"which":[83,218,294],"represents":[84],"multiple":[85,103,186,228],"scattering.":[86],"fields":[88,137],"such":[89],"as":[90,195,197],"forests":[91],"large":[93,97,196,272],"VWCs,":[94],"albedo":[99],"optical":[101],"thickness,":[102],"effects":[105],"critical.":[107],"approach,":[112],"cyclical":[113,126],"terms":[114],"identified":[116],"backscattering":[118,144],"enhancement":[119],"included":[121],"doubling":[123],"contributions":[124],"from":[125],"terms.":[127],"method":[129],"applied":[131],"to":[132,138,221,251],"aspen":[133],"trees":[134],"in":[135,289,292],"compute":[139],"brightness":[141,178],"temperatures":[142],"coefficients":[145],"configurations,":[152],"respectively.":[153],"configuration,":[157,212],"VWC":[162],"15":[164],"kg/":[165],"<inline-formula":[166],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[167],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[168],"<tex-math":[169],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\text{m}^{2}$":[170],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[171],",":[172],"deviation":[174,214],"between":[175,215],"zeroth-order":[177],"temperature,":[179],"i.e.,":[180],"tau\u2013omega":[182],"model":[183,277],"results,":[184,217],"results":[188,230],"around":[189,231],"40\u00b0":[190,232],"observation":[191],"angle,":[192,234],"can":[193],"be":[194,252],"50":[198],"K":[199,205],"vertical":[201],"polarization":[202],"35":[204],"horizontal":[207],"polarization.":[208,246],"first-order":[216],"identical":[220],"distorted":[223],"Born":[224],"approximation,":[225],"incidence":[233],"about":[236],"1.6":[237],"dB":[238,243],"VV":[240],"0.7":[242],"HH":[245],"Multiple":[247],"shown":[250],"crucial":[253],"accurate":[255],"forward":[256],"modeling,":[257],"over":[259],"forested":[260],"areas.":[261],"proposed":[263,276],"thus":[266],"suitable":[267],"VWCs.":[273],"Furthermore,":[274],"validated":[279],"L-band":[285],"sensor":[286],"(PALS)":[287],"acquired":[288],"SMAPVEX12":[290],"measurements":[291],"2012,":[293],"demonstrates":[295],"applicability":[297],"model.":[300]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}