{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3165215617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3079230","title":"Continuous PRI Variation and Phase Center Adjustment for Azimuth Uniform Sampling in Staggered SAR","display_name":"Continuous PRI Variation and Phase Center Adjustment for Azimuth Uniform Sampling in Staggered SAR","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3165215617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3079230","mag":"3165215617"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3079230","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3079230","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059660132","display_name":"Wei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8045-8817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55654194","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05564e019","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China","Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Radar Technology and Application, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8045-8817","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Radar Technology and Application, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019710901","display_name":"Jialuo Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7085-2960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55654194","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05564e019","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jialuo Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China","Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Radar Technology and Application, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7085-2960","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Radar Technology and Application, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088385860","display_name":"Pingping Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7720-1183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55654194","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05564e019","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pingping Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China","Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Radar Technology and Application, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7720-1183","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Radar Technology and Application, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020407070","display_name":"Weixian Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9071-9470"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55654194","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05564e019","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weixian Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China","Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Radar Technology and Application, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Radar Technology and Application, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004897892","display_name":"Zhiqi Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55654194","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05564e019","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqi Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China","Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Radar Technology and Application, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Radar Technology and Application, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030451389","display_name":"Yifan Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3155-6437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55654194","display_name":"Inner Mongolia University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05564e019","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China","Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Radar Technology and Application, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3155-6437","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Radar Technology and Application, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55654194"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5917,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96320047,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.8878636360168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.7315222024917603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.669818639755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpolation","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","score":0.5844053030014038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resampling","display_name":"Resampling","score":0.522731602191925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.5014891624450684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4808938503265381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-repetition-frequency","display_name":"Pulse repetition frequency","score":0.4684802293777466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.4425816833972931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-center","display_name":"Phase center","score":0.4393233060836792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4350418150424957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3481292426586151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34632667899131775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.31683149933815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.283345103263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.16920793056488037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1565680205821991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.15598121285438538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14794570207595825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.10896524786949158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09011384844779968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.08457118272781372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.8878636360168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.7315222024917603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.669818639755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.5844053030014038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150921843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1170431","display_name":"Resampling","level":2,"score":0.522731602191925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.5014891624450684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4808938503265381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182862853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575887","display_name":"Pulse repetition frequency","level":3,"score":0.4684802293777466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.4425816833972931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7615733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2085398","display_name":"Phase center","level":3,"score":0.4393233060836792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4350418150424957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3481292426586151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34632667899131775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.31683149933815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.283345103263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.16920793056488037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1565680205821991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.15598121285438538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14794570207595825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.10896524786949158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09011384844779968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.08457118272781372}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3079230","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3079230","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2736267817","display_name":"\u5927\u692d\u5706\u8f68\u9053\u9ad8\u5206\u5bbd\u6d4bSAR\u4fe1\u53f7\u5efa\u6a21\u4e0e\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62071258","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4823230615","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020ZD018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322868","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G835227418","display_name":"\u4e2d\u8499\u5178\u578b\u8de8\u5883\u707e\u5bb3\u9065\u611f\u76d1\u6d4b\u4e0e\u4f20\u64ad\u8def\u5f84\u9884\u6d4b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61631011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8815607453","display_name":"\u4eba\u4f53\u8868\u9762\u7a00\u758f\u67f1\u9762\u9635\u5217\u4e09\u7ef4\u6210\u50cf\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61971246","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322868","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W250076511","https://openalex.org/W357677209","https://openalex.org/W1788914796","https://openalex.org/W1966130798","https://openalex.org/W1985053641","https://openalex.org/W1988751447","https://openalex.org/W1997482691","https://openalex.org/W2011350084","https://openalex.org/W2017494490","https://openalex.org/W2046272636","https://openalex.org/W2052634774","https://openalex.org/W2052862999","https://openalex.org/W2061000542","https://openalex.org/W2110964282","https://openalex.org/W2111990836","https://openalex.org/W2112855412","https://openalex.org/W2116613037","https://openalex.org/W2125001275","https://openalex.org/W2140990782","https://openalex.org/W2401400392","https://openalex.org/W2561317156","https://openalex.org/W2566085635","https://openalex.org/W2595769796","https://openalex.org/W2742242674","https://openalex.org/W2791369543","https://openalex.org/W2793954077","https://openalex.org/W2807958954","https://openalex.org/W2900746787","https://openalex.org/W2936734822","https://openalex.org/W2963310635","https://openalex.org/W2978007133","https://openalex.org/W2997063265","https://openalex.org/W3008459801","https://openalex.org/W3018291700","https://openalex.org/W3130957430","https://openalex.org/W3214953536","https://openalex.org/W6602121817","https://openalex.org/W6603099011","https://openalex.org/W6638296758","https://openalex.org/W6693391192","https://openalex.org/W6730969708"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1548763670","https://openalex.org/W2773939279","https://openalex.org/W2775106065","https://openalex.org/W3004603519","https://openalex.org/W2773311483","https://openalex.org/W2052862999","https://openalex.org/W2140990782","https://openalex.org/W2014995443","https://openalex.org/W2137644384","https://openalex.org/W1482308399"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Staggered":[0],"synthetic":[1],"aperture":[2],"radar":[3],"(SAR)":[4],"can":[5,165,190,198],"effectively":[6],"stagger":[7,114],"range":[8],"blind":[9,115],"areas":[10],"by":[11,145,168],"periodically":[12,142],"changing":[13],"the":[14,38,79,86,95,104,118,125,133,137,152,160,173,182,194,203,212],"pulse":[15,144,146],"repetition":[16],"interval":[17],"(PRI),":[18],"to":[19,37,77,110,113,124,148,201],"achieve":[20],"continuous":[21],"imaging":[22,188,209],"with":[23],"an":[24],"ultrawide":[25],"swath.":[26],"In":[27,58,85,158],"conventional":[28],"staggered":[29,75],"SAR,":[30,76],"azimuth":[31,83,153],"samples":[32,154,164],"are":[33,100],"nonuniformly":[34],"distributed":[35,162],"due":[36],"variable":[39],"PRI,":[40],"and":[41,52,67,93,129,180,193],"complex":[42,195],"resampling":[43,196],"processing,":[44,55],"such":[45],"as":[46],"best":[47],"linear":[48],"unbiased":[49],"(BLU)":[50],"interpolation":[51],"multichannel":[53],"reconstruction":[54],"is":[56,72,107,121,141],"required.":[57],"this":[59,149,215],"article,":[60],"a":[61],"strict":[62],"rule":[63,120,176],"of":[64,81,90,177,184,214],"PRI":[65,91,105,127,178],"variation":[66,92,179],"phase":[68,139],"center":[69,140],"adjustment":[70],"(PCA)":[71],"proposed":[73,87,174],"for":[74,98],"solve":[78],"problem":[80],"nonuniform":[82],"sampling.":[84],"joint":[88,175],"strategy":[89],"PCA,":[94,181],"relevant":[96],"parameters":[97,112],"PCA":[99,111,119,130],"first":[101],"determined.":[102],"Then,":[103],"sequence":[106,128],"designed":[108,122,126],"according":[109,123,147],"ranges.":[116],"Finally,":[117],"parameters.":[131],"During":[132],"data":[134],"acquisition":[135],"interval,":[136],"effective":[138],"adjusted":[143],"rule,":[150],"making":[151],"totally":[155],"uniformly":[156],"distributed.":[157],"addition,":[159],"discontinuously":[161],"missing":[163],"be":[166,191,199],"estimated":[167],"signal":[169],"estimation":[170],"approaches.":[171],"With":[172],"emergence":[183],"false":[185],"targets":[186],"in":[187],"results":[189,210],"avoided,":[192],"processing":[197],"relieved":[200],"reduce":[202],"computational":[204],"complexity.":[205],"Simulation":[206],"experiments":[207],"on":[208],"verify":[211],"advantages":[213],"strategy.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}