{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3165260459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3078170","title":"Optical Properties of Snow Surfaces: Multiangular Photometric and Polarimetric Hyperspectral Measurements","display_name":"Optical Properties of Snow Surfaces: Multiangular Photometric and Polarimetric Hyperspectral Measurements","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3165260459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3078170","mag":"3165260459"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3078170","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3078170","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030114766","display_name":"Zhongqiu Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7722-3809"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184983240","display_name":"Northeast Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rkvz144","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184983240"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongqiu Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7722-3809","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184983240"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101593147","display_name":"Di Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6896-0572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210167232","display_name":"PLA Air Force Aviation University","ror":"https://ror.org/031g2ra50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210167232"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Di Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air and Space Information Department, Air Force Aviation University, Changchun, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air and Space Information Department, Air Force Aviation University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210167232"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101711766","display_name":"Yunfeng Lv","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202028630","display_name":"Changchun Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cbhey71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202028630"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunfeng Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Geographic Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Geographic Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202028630"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2045,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2045},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4734,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55555556,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.8804900646209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarimetry","display_name":"Polarimetry","score":0.7841871976852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7436822652816772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stokes-parameters","display_name":"Stokes parameters","score":0.5706822872161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.5351565480232239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5007150173187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-transfer","display_name":"Radiative transfer","score":0.4898214042186737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bidirectional-reflectance-distribution-function","display_name":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function","score":0.4560305178165436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","score":0.44415366649627686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-radiative-transfer-codes","display_name":"Atmospheric radiative transfer codes","score":0.4166647791862488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.40274351835250854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"Reflectivity","score":0.3036156892776489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.2939800024032593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2705869674682617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.23616856336593628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.23373061418533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.08321794867515564}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.8804900646209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28493345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899381","display_name":"Polarimetry","level":3,"score":0.7841871976852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7436822652816772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188141570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192058","display_name":"Stokes parameters","level":3,"score":0.5706822872161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.5351565480232239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5007150173187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.4898214042186737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151596937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856980","display_name":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function","level":3,"score":0.4560305178165436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.44415366649627686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199390426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2353151","display_name":"Atmospheric radiative transfer codes","level":3,"score":0.4166647791862488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.40274351835250854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.3036156892776489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.2939800024032593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2705869674682617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23616856336593628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.23373061418533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.08321794867515564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3078170","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3078170","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3501065228","display_name":"\u5438\u6536\u7c92\u5b50\u5bf9\u79ef\u96ea\u591a\u89d2\u5ea6\u504f\u632f\u53cd\u5c04\u5149\u8c31\u7279\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u673a\u7406\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41971322","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8243667896","display_name":"\u79ef\u96ea\u8868\u9762\u9ad8\u5149\u8c31\u591a\u89d2\u5ea6\u504f\u632f\u4fe1\u606f\u63d0\u53d6\u4e0e\u5efa\u6a21\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41571343","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":85,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1525070207","https://openalex.org/W1585023767","https://openalex.org/W1621085415","https://openalex.org/W1817182403","https://openalex.org/W1822709665","https://openalex.org/W1969122635","https://openalex.org/W1972586783","https://openalex.org/W1973313359","https://openalex.org/W1977738593","https://openalex.org/W1979367733","https://openalex.org/W1979813407","https://openalex.org/W1980854359","https://openalex.org/W1982949848","https://openalex.org/W1987695570","https://openalex.org/W1990171999","https://openalex.org/W1999462266","https://openalex.org/W2000925913","https://openalex.org/W2002604925","https://openalex.org/W2003165523","https://openalex.org/W2003636035","https://openalex.org/W2010827259","https://openalex.org/W2011707853","https://openalex.org/W2022588621","https://openalex.org/W2024827021","https://openalex.org/W2029136094","https://openalex.org/W2030907307","https://openalex.org/W2031688877","https://openalex.org/W2040316846","https://openalex.org/W2043200299","https://openalex.org/W2051659037","https://openalex.org/W2053114778","https://openalex.org/W2055201281","https://openalex.org/W2059672595","https://openalex.org/W2060827275","https://openalex.org/W2066860538","https://openalex.org/W2070180261","https://openalex.org/W2073122733","https://openalex.org/W2073468590","https://openalex.org/W2083733989","https://openalex.org/W2090096637","https://openalex.org/W2090343390","https://openalex.org/W2090345251","https://openalex.org/W2093493036","https://openalex.org/W2096396096","https://openalex.org/W2108532975","https://openalex.org/W2116540370","https://openalex.org/W2116956387","https://openalex.org/W2119346839","https://openalex.org/W2123524246","https://openalex.org/W2123544007","https://openalex.org/W2124731590","https://openalex.org/W2125803887","https://openalex.org/W2130276143","https://openalex.org/W2130959779","https://openalex.org/W2144152326","https://openalex.org/W2147929800","https://openalex.org/W2151896708","https://openalex.org/W2157301455","https://openalex.org/W2158584666","https://openalex.org/W2161112378","https://openalex.org/W2164448908","https://openalex.org/W2170023964","https://openalex.org/W2170274416","https://openalex.org/W2203849420","https://openalex.org/W2210588660","https://openalex.org/W2328908430","https://openalex.org/W2341506072","https://openalex.org/W2461301683","https://openalex.org/W2526763154","https://openalex.org/W2553279881","https://openalex.org/W2567626572","https://openalex.org/W2607215399","https://openalex.org/W2616117064","https://openalex.org/W2802166229","https://openalex.org/W2810482675","https://openalex.org/W2896240536","https://openalex.org/W2900576423","https://openalex.org/W2912617961","https://openalex.org/W2961788951","https://openalex.org/W2967288889","https://openalex.org/W2970368314","https://openalex.org/W2979547387","https://openalex.org/W2987329928","https://openalex.org/W2996238834","https://openalex.org/W4231123666"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2112594896","https://openalex.org/W2000341098","https://openalex.org/W2978200814","https://openalex.org/W2386812678","https://openalex.org/W4311567418","https://openalex.org/W2774256758","https://openalex.org/W2037753278","https://openalex.org/W2026859948","https://openalex.org/W2462590404","https://openalex.org/W2765253738"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Understanding":[0],"the":[1,25,38,55,72,93,97,99,135,148,184,200,217],"optical":[2,39,218],"properties":[3,18,40,57,82,150,219],"of":[4,16,21,41,58,78,96,131,141,151,166,220],"light":[5,42,221],"reflected":[6,43,222],"from":[7,44,124,223],"snow":[8,17,79,132,160,167,224,228],"surfaces":[9],"is":[10,144],"fundamental":[11],"for":[12,36,158,215,226],"remote":[13],"sensing-based":[14],"characterizations":[15],"and":[19,32,68,87,109,206,225],"quantification":[20],"radiative":[22],"transfer":[23],"in":[24,187],"atmosphere\u2013earth":[26],"system.":[27],"In":[28,60],"theory,":[29],"both":[30,65,214],"intensity":[31,100],"polarization":[33],"are":[34],"required":[35],"describing":[37,216],"snow.":[45,59],"However,":[46],"thus":[47],"far,":[48],"a":[49],"few":[50],"studies":[51],"have":[52],"focused":[53],"on":[54,71],"polarimetric":[56,69,125,149,209],"this":[61],"study,":[62],"we":[63,172],"measured":[64,186],"multiangular":[66],"photometric":[67,103],"(based":[70],"Stokes":[73],"parameters)":[74],"hyperspectral":[75],"field":[76],"results":[77,104,191],"with":[80,169,183],"different":[81],"(grain":[83],"size,":[84],"pollution":[85],"levels,":[86],"microscopic":[88],"surface":[89],"roughness).":[90],"By":[91],"considering":[92],"absorption":[94],"ratio":[95],"polarizer,":[98],"defined":[101],"by":[102],"[bidirectional":[105],"reflectance":[106,112,128,138],"factor":[107,113,129,139],"(BRF)":[108],"hemispherical":[110],"directional":[111],"(HDRF)]":[114],"was":[115,153],"first":[116],"confirmed":[117],"to":[118,121,146,155,199],"be":[119,156,197,212],"similar":[120],"those":[122],"derived":[123],"measurements":[126,165,210],"[$I$parameter":[127],"($I$pRF)]":[130],"surfaces.":[133],"Then,":[134],"bidirectional":[136],"polarized":[137],"(BPRF)":[140],"snow,":[142,152],"which":[143],"used":[145,213],"define":[147],"found":[154,173],"useful":[157],"characterizing":[159],"properties.":[161,229],"Moreover,":[162],"comparing":[163],"ground":[164],"BPRF":[168,177,185,207],"modeled":[170],"results,":[171],"that":[174,193],"some":[175],"existing":[176],"models":[178],"did":[179],"not":[180],"match":[181],"well":[182],"the$2\\pi":[188],"$space.":[189],"These":[190],"suggest":[192],"more":[194],"attention":[195],"should":[196],"paid":[198],"combination":[201],"of$I$pRF":[202],"(BRF":[203],"or":[204],"HDRF)":[205],"because":[208],"can":[211],"quantifying":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}