{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3159596920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3073511","title":"Mitigation of Ionospheric Noise in Azimuth Offset Based on the Split-Spectrum Method","display_name":"Mitigation of Ionospheric Noise in Azimuth Offset Based on the Split-Spectrum Method","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3159596920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3073511","mag":"3159596920"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3073511","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3073511","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/9633014/09417015.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/9633014/09417015.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102889206","display_name":"Tatsuya Yamashita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3696-9502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165580012","display_name":"Geospatial Information Authority of Japan","ror":"https://ror.org/042gfy005","country_code":"JP","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308952385","https://openalex.org/I165580012"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tatsuya Yamashita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, Tsukuba, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, Tsukuba, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165580012"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068252944","display_name":"Yu Morishita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0578-7776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165580012","display_name":"Geospatial Information Authority of Japan","ror":"https://ror.org/042gfy005","country_code":"JP","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308952385","https://openalex.org/I165580012"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Morishita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, Tsukuba, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, Tsukuba, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165580012"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022170528","display_name":"Tomokazu Kobayashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6531-791X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165580012","display_name":"Geospatial Information Authority of Japan","ror":"https://ror.org/042gfy005","country_code":"JP","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308952385","https://openalex.org/I165580012"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomokazu Kobayashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, Tsukuba, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, Tsukuba, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165580012"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102889206"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165580012"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8522,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82739668,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10110","display_name":"earthquake and tectonic studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10110","display_name":"earthquake and tectonic studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11757","display_name":"Seismic Waves and Analysis","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.9324276447296143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6647936701774597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6197600960731506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.5960432887077332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.5431141257286072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4866836667060852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.46995070576667786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.4682895541191101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosphere","display_name":"Ionosphere","score":0.43933528661727905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.25479334592819214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.23416796326637268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1495668888092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geophysics","display_name":"Geophysics","score":0.139957994222641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13421231508255005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.9324276447296143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6647936701774597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6197600960731506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5960432887077332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5431141257286072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4866836667060852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.46995070576667786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.4682895541191101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116403925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219","display_name":"Ionosphere","level":2,"score":0.43933528661727905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.25479334592819214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.23416796326637268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1495668888092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.139957994222641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13421231508255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3073511","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3073511","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/9633014/09417015.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3073511","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3073511","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/9633014/09417015.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2937135553","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Overseas Research Fellow","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4954916424","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Fellowship","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5640883929","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Research Fellow","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6652317804","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Overseas Research Fellowship","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7752643416","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Japan","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320298","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334900","display_name":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/059yhyy33"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3159596920.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3159596920.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1610134187","https://openalex.org/W1672189226","https://openalex.org/W1905555898","https://openalex.org/W2001505479","https://openalex.org/W2018314772","https://openalex.org/W2024930996","https://openalex.org/W2065219340","https://openalex.org/W2065958855","https://openalex.org/W2079299309","https://openalex.org/W2082099095","https://openalex.org/W2095156493","https://openalex.org/W2103979439","https://openalex.org/W2118758878","https://openalex.org/W2119438439","https://openalex.org/W2154309921","https://openalex.org/W2154509205","https://openalex.org/W2168283052","https://openalex.org/W2274678637","https://openalex.org/W2552268678","https://openalex.org/W2587856543","https://openalex.org/W2597795855","https://openalex.org/W2625990215","https://openalex.org/W2883987068","https://openalex.org/W2886119120","https://openalex.org/W2894997579","https://openalex.org/W2897135064","https://openalex.org/W2955092282","https://openalex.org/W2963326039","https://openalex.org/W2986946135","https://openalex.org/W2997833722","https://openalex.org/W3082608808","https://openalex.org/W6675755309","https://openalex.org/W6783137666"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386936491","https://openalex.org/W3007931018","https://openalex.org/W2068843146","https://openalex.org/W2373976010","https://openalex.org/W2333473644","https://openalex.org/W2462749609","https://openalex.org/W2031331230","https://openalex.org/W2182833023","https://openalex.org/W3201401734","https://openalex.org/W4230438217"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,252],"pixel-offset":[1],"method":[2,51,133,257],"has":[3],"been":[4],"utilized":[5],"as":[6,43],"a":[7,49,105,119],"powerful":[8],"tool":[9],"to":[10,52,134,169,210,223],"measure":[11],"large":[12],"ground":[13,175,238,267],"movements.":[14],"However,":[15],"L-band":[16,145],"spaceborne":[17],"synthetic":[18],"aperture":[19],"radar":[20],"(SAR)":[21],"data":[22],"are":[23,153],"often":[24],"affected":[25,155],"by":[26,65,85,112,118,156,179],"the":[27,34,38,68,76,81,86,98,114,128,132,157,167,170,186,194,199,202,211,216,221,224,231,237,241,255,265],"ionosphere,":[28,158],"which":[29,152,207],"produces":[30],"serious":[31],"noises":[32],"in":[33],"azimuth":[35,44,54,73,101,110,124,164,190,217,232,242],"component":[36],"of":[37,100,109,137,163,189,215,248,264],"pixel":[39,191,218],"offset":[40,74,192,243],"field,":[41],"called":[42],"streaks.":[45,165],"Here,":[46],"we":[47,103,159,228],"propose":[48],"new":[50],"mitigate":[53],"streaks":[55,61,111,233],"based":[56],"on":[57],"physical":[58],"modeling.":[59],"Azimuth":[60],"cannot":[62],"be":[63],"removed":[64],"simply":[66],"combining":[67],"known":[69],"relationship":[70],"between":[71],"ionospheric":[72,77,123],"and":[75,234,261],"phase":[78,82],"delay":[79,83],"with":[80],"obtained":[84],"split-spectrum":[87,129],"method.":[88,130],"Thus,":[89],"taking":[90],"into":[91],"account":[92],"that":[93,172],"image":[94],"matching":[95],"(coregistration)":[96],"affects":[97],"measurement":[99,213],"offsets,":[102],"formulate":[104],"theoretical":[106,212],"correction":[107,195,203],"formula":[108],"subtracting":[113],"coregistration-induced":[115],"effects":[116],"approximated":[117],"polynomial":[120],"function":[121],"from":[122,240],"offsets":[125],"modeled":[126],"using":[127],"Applying":[131],"two":[135],"pairs":[136],"Advanced":[138],"Land":[139],"Observing":[140],"Satellite-2":[141],"(ALOS-2)/Phased":[142],"Array":[143],"type":[144],"Synthetic":[146],"Aperture":[147],"Radar-2":[148],"(PALSAR-2)":[149],"stripmap":[150],"images":[151],"severely":[154],"demonstrate":[160],"effective":[161],"mitigation":[162],"In":[166,220],"application":[168,222],"case":[171],"no":[173],"significant":[174],"movement":[176],"is":[177,196,204,208],"detected":[178],"Global":[180],"Navigation":[181],"Satellite":[182],"System":[183],"(GNSS),":[184],"while":[185],"standard":[187],"deviation":[188],"before":[193],"87.2":[197],"cm,":[198,206],"value":[200],"after":[201],"29.2":[205],"comparable":[209],"accuracy":[214,247],"offset.":[219],"2016":[225],"Kumamoto":[226],"earthquake,":[227],"substantially":[229],"reduce":[230],"successfully":[235],"extract":[236],"movements":[239],"fields":[244],"within":[245],"an":[246],"about":[249],"20":[250],"cm.":[251],"result":[253],"suggests":[254],"proposed":[256],"enables":[258],"more":[259],"accurate":[260],"operational":[262],"estimation":[263],"3-D":[266],"displacement.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T16:22:10.518609","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
