{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3139468736","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3062753","title":"An Unsupervised Fuzzy System for the Automatic Detection of Candidate Lava Tubes in Radar Sounder Data","display_name":"An Unsupervised Fuzzy System for the Automatic Detection of Candidate Lava Tubes in Radar Sounder Data","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3139468736","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3062753","mag":"3139468736"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3062753","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3062753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059205128","display_name":"Elena Donini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6690-0250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elena Donini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Digital Society, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy","University of Trento, Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6690-0250","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Digital Society, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044918784","display_name":"Leonardo Carrer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4599-7900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonardo Carrer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Trento, Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4599-7900","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028965348","display_name":"Christopher Gerekos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1526-1249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Gerekos","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Trento, Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1526-1249","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006095323","display_name":"Lorenzo Bruzzone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6036-459X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorenzo Bruzzone","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Trento, Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6036-459X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087668203","display_name":"Francesca Bovolo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3104-7656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesca Bovolo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Digital Society, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3104-7656","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Digital Society, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059205128"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587","https://openalex.org/I2277624104"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7626,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83684372,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10406","display_name":"Planetary Science and Exploration","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10406","display_name":"Planetary Science and Exploration","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13126","display_name":"Scientific Research and Discoveries","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9818000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lava","display_name":"Lava","score":0.9715338945388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.7074956893920898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volcano","display_name":"Volcano","score":0.5606778860092163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5195153951644897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","score":0.4650387167930603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.43894582986831665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.38082998991012573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geophysics","display_name":"Geophysics","score":0.3749209940433502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.26263880729675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07206636667251587}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113754120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40157","display_name":"Lava","level":3,"score":0.9715338945388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.7074956893920898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120806208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8072","display_name":"Volcano","level":2,"score":0.5606778860092163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5195153951644897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.4650387167930603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.43894582986831665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.38082998991012573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.3749209940433502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26263880729675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07206636667251587}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3062753","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3062753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.usf.edu:kip_articles-11352","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/kip_articles/10352","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196272","display_name":"Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","host_organization_name":"University of South Florida","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"KIP Articles","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unitn.it:11572/297076","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11572/297076","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196320","display_name":"Iris (University of Trento)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","host_organization_name":"University of Trento","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5388956439","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019-25-HH.0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322256","funder_display_name":"Agenzia Spaziale Italiana"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322256","display_name":"Agenzia Spaziale Italiana","ror":"https://ror.org/034zgem50"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W936179346","https://openalex.org/W1506071397","https://openalex.org/W1612602007","https://openalex.org/W1660107874","https://openalex.org/W1874016557","https://openalex.org/W1964337498","https://openalex.org/W1991145509","https://openalex.org/W1994847293","https://openalex.org/W1998193446","https://openalex.org/W2007043711","https://openalex.org/W2012257195","https://openalex.org/W2015237387","https://openalex.org/W2016157593","https://openalex.org/W2016418052","https://openalex.org/W2016576289","https://openalex.org/W2022193890","https://openalex.org/W2023159032","https://openalex.org/W2041998114","https://openalex.org/W2043690674","https://openalex.org/W2051184331","https://openalex.org/W2076708908","https://openalex.org/W2077420331","https://openalex.org/W2078162611","https://openalex.org/W2093811285","https://openalex.org/W2111460811","https://openalex.org/W2527794920","https://openalex.org/W2547451222","https://openalex.org/W2562324590","https://openalex.org/W2766698650","https://openalex.org/W2791628640","https://openalex.org/W2883412488","https://openalex.org/W2886323291","https://openalex.org/W2891975247","https://openalex.org/W2899624162","https://openalex.org/W2979288020","https://openalex.org/W2979766978","https://openalex.org/W3009609745","https://openalex.org/W3043614448","https://openalex.org/W3099273841","https://openalex.org/W6624540270","https://openalex.org/W6636678555","https://openalex.org/W6761035232","https://openalex.org/W6772849731","https://openalex.org/W6776406175","https://openalex.org/W6779572529","https://openalex.org/W6795192195"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015231778","https://openalex.org/W2070192581","https://openalex.org/W1978604865","https://openalex.org/W3095170837","https://openalex.org/W2136144461","https://openalex.org/W72432438","https://openalex.org/W4322001349","https://openalex.org/W2962939329","https://openalex.org/W2125471193","https://openalex.org/W3184692820"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lava":[0],"tubes":[1,12,62,89,150,170,208],"are":[2,16,99,209],"buried":[3,59],"channels":[4],"that":[5,79],"transport":[6],"thermally":[7],"insulated":[8],"lava.":[9],"Nowadays,":[10],"lava":[11,36,61,88,113,130,149,169,207],"on":[13,76,151,167,184,196],"the":[14,40,81,118,124,143,197,200,217,220,223],"Moon":[15,198],"believed":[17],"to":[18,56,93,108,211],"be":[19,172],"empty":[20,60],"and":[21,44,53,68,83,102,116,126,132,161,188,219],"thus":[22],"indicated":[23],"as":[24,216],"potential":[25],"habitats":[26],"for":[27],"humankind.":[28],"In":[29],"recent":[30],"years,":[31],"several":[32],"studies":[33],"investigated":[34],"possible":[35],"tube":[37,114],"locations,":[38],"considering":[39],"gravity":[41],"anomaly":[42],"distribution":[43],"surficial":[45],"volcanic":[46],"features.":[47],"This":[48],"article":[49],"proposes":[50],"a":[51,77,105,152,186,189],"novel":[52],"unsupervised":[54],"method":[55,140,181],"map":[57],"candidate":[58,148,168,206],"in":[63,90,97,136,157,174],"radar":[64],"sounder":[65],"data":[66,191],"(radargrams)":[67],"extract":[69,212],"their":[70,134],"physical":[71],"properties.":[72],"The":[73,120,138,164,179],"approach":[74],"relies":[75],"model":[78],"describes":[80],"geometrical":[82,127,213],"electromagnetic":[84],"(EM)":[85],"properties":[86,128],"of":[87,129,146,155,193,222],"radargrams.":[91,137],"According":[92],"this":[94],"model,":[95],"reflections":[96],"radargrams":[98,156,194],"automatically":[100],"detected":[101],"analyzed":[103],"with":[104,112],"fuzzy":[106,121],"system":[107],"identify":[109],"those":[110],"associated":[111],"boundaries":[115],"reject":[117],"others.":[119],"rules":[122],"consider":[123],"EM":[125],"tubes,":[131],"thus,":[133],"appearance":[135],"proposed":[139,180],"can":[141],"address":[142],"complex":[144],"task":[145],"identifying":[147],"large":[153],"number":[154],"an":[158],"automatic,":[159],"fast,":[160],"objective":[162],"way.":[163],"final":[165],"decision":[166],"should":[171],"taken":[173],"postprocessing":[175],"by":[176,199],"expert":[177],"planetologists.":[178],"is":[182],"tested":[183],"both":[185],"real":[187],"simulated":[190],"set":[192],"acquired":[195],"Lunar":[201],"Radar":[202],"Sounder":[203],"(LRS).":[204],"Identified":[205],"processed":[210],"parameters,":[214],"such":[215],"depth":[218],"thickness":[221],"crust":[224],"(roof).":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-01T08:36:08.643496","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}