{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3134635966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3058299","title":"Airborne Downward-Looking Sparse Linear Array 3-D SAR Imaging via 2-D Adaptive Iterative Reweighted Atomic Norm Minimization","display_name":"Airborne Downward-Looking Sparse Linear Array 3-D SAR Imaging via 2-D Adaptive Iterative Reweighted Atomic Norm Minimization","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3134635966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3058299","mag":"3134635966"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3058299","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3058299","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024106373","display_name":"Tong Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1231-5766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1231-5766","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052210425","display_name":"Guisheng Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5919-0713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guisheng Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044356445","display_name":"Yachao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6672-367X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yachao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6672-367X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100712537","display_name":"Yongjun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1628-8865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongjun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1628-8865","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016392085","display_name":"Yifan Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4196-3244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4196-3244","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4931,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95714499,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressed-sensing","display_name":"Compressed sensing","score":0.6860143542289734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6518904566764832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basis-pursuit","display_name":"Basis pursuit","score":0.6119847297668457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6042978763580322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.573485255241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nyquist\u2013shannon-sampling-theorem","display_name":"Nyquist\u2013Shannon sampling theorem","score":0.5198146104812622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparse-approximation","display_name":"Sparse approximation","score":0.4623391032218933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparse-matrix","display_name":"Sparse matrix","score":0.4476100206375122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norm","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","score":0.4247971475124359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3621920347213745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.32231786847114563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching-pursuit","display_name":"Matching pursuit","score":0.22366738319396973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.156907856464386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1428302526473999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.11198446154594421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124851039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665459","display_name":"Compressed sensing","level":2,"score":0.6860143542289734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6518904566764832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99217422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4867576","display_name":"Basis pursuit","level":4,"score":0.6119847297668457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6042978763580322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.573485255241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C288623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679800","display_name":"Nyquist\u2013Shannon sampling theorem","level":2,"score":0.5198146104812622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124066611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28684319","display_name":"Sparse approximation","level":2,"score":0.4623391032218933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56372850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050404","display_name":"Sparse matrix","level":3,"score":0.4476100206375122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191795146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4247971475124359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3621920347213745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32231786847114563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156872377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6786281","display_name":"Matching pursuit","level":3,"score":0.22366738319396973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.156907856464386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1428302526473999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.11198446154594421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3058299","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3058299","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1725003993","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61621005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G288146629","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB2202500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5057869368","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62001352","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W599284720","https://openalex.org/W1570133772","https://openalex.org/W1916337001","https://openalex.org/W1949542037","https://openalex.org/W1973576630","https://openalex.org/W1974718273","https://openalex.org/W1986195997","https://openalex.org/W1990190553","https://openalex.org/W1998349401","https://openalex.org/W2005602327","https://openalex.org/W2006579621","https://openalex.org/W2028191993","https://openalex.org/W2071563540","https://openalex.org/W2072506744","https://openalex.org/W2079299474","https://openalex.org/W2082456873","https://openalex.org/W2101437419","https://openalex.org/W2110244368","https://openalex.org/W2126421815","https://openalex.org/W2128933678","https://openalex.org/W2142212280","https://openalex.org/W2144771180","https://openalex.org/W2145250341","https://openalex.org/W2159213092","https://openalex.org/W2161730114","https://openalex.org/W2164278908","https://openalex.org/W2178935672","https://openalex.org/W2339232531","https://openalex.org/W2531536897","https://openalex.org/W2533366742","https://openalex.org/W2543032714","https://openalex.org/W2565293665","https://openalex.org/W2787894218","https://openalex.org/W2963326253","https://openalex.org/W2995720069","https://openalex.org/W3011360560","https://openalex.org/W4240372493","https://openalex.org/W4250955649","https://openalex.org/W4327987963","https://openalex.org/W6677437772","https://openalex.org/W6685418839"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2390693987","https://openalex.org/W2054503501","https://openalex.org/W2199748221","https://openalex.org/W3088606048","https://openalex.org/W2393783098","https://openalex.org/W4297666103","https://openalex.org/W3142184949","https://openalex.org/W2781805183","https://openalex.org/W2497512603","https://openalex.org/W3005946484"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Airborne":[0],"downward-looking":[1],"sparse":[2,15,45,88],"linear":[3,18],"array":[4,19],"3-D":[5,10,39,198,205,209],"synthetic":[6],"aperture":[7],"radar":[8],"(DLSLA":[9],"SAR)":[11],"usually":[12],"uses":[13],"a":[14,84,105,118,159],"and":[16,113,129,191,208],"nonuniform":[17],"that":[20,59],"often":[21],"does":[22],"not":[23],"satisfy":[24],"the":[25,30,37,60,65,69,108,122,135,142,154,175,189,203],"Nyquist":[26],"sampling":[27],"theorem.":[28],"Therefore,":[29],"cross-track":[31],"dimensional":[32],"imaging":[33,41,200],"will":[34,76],"fail":[35],"with":[36],"traditional":[38],"frequency-domain":[40],"algorithms.":[42],"Several":[43],"grid-based":[44],"reconstruction":[46,89],"(GB-SR)":[47],"algorithms":[48,125],"have":[49],"been":[50],"presented":[51,173],"to":[52,187],"solve":[53],"this":[54,80],"issue.":[55],"However,":[56],"they":[57],"assume":[58],"scatterers":[61],"are":[62],"located":[63],"on":[64,202],"discretized":[66],"grids;":[67],"otherwise,":[68],"off-grid":[70],"effect":[71],"or":[72],"basis":[73],"mismatch":[74],"problem":[75],"occur.":[77],"To":[78],"address":[79],"issue,":[81],"we":[82,181],"propose":[83],"novel":[85],"hyperparameter-free":[86],"gridless-based":[87],"(GL-SR)":[90],"algorithm":[91,100],"(i.e.,":[92],"2-D":[93,102,138,163,194],"adaptive":[94],"iterative":[95],"reweighted":[96],"atomic":[97,114],"norm":[98],"minimization":[99],"called":[101],"IRAN)":[103],"by":[104],"combination":[106],"of":[107,137,162,169,193],"optimal":[109],"covariance":[110],"fitting":[111],"criterion":[112],"norm.":[115],"It":[116],"is":[117,172],"generalized":[119],"model,":[120],"while":[121],"other":[123],"GL-SR":[124],"(e.g.,":[126],"GLS,":[127],"RGLS,":[128],"RAM)":[130],"can":[131],"be":[132],"interpreted":[133],"as":[134],"variants":[136],"IRAN.":[139],"Moreover,":[140],"since":[141],"interior-point":[143],"method":[144,168],"employed":[145],"in":[146],"toolboxes":[147],"has":[148],"high":[149],"computational":[150],"efficiency":[151],"only":[152],"for":[153,174,196],"small-scale":[155],"matrix":[156,177],"optimization":[157,178],"problem,":[158],"fast":[160],"implementation":[161],"IRAN":[164,195],"via":[165],"alternating":[166],"direction":[167],"multipliers":[170],"(ADMM)":[171],"large-scale":[176],"problem.":[179],"Finally,":[180],"carry":[182],"out":[183],"extensive":[184],"numerical":[185],"simulations":[186],"demonstrate":[188],"advantages":[190],"effectiveness":[192],"DLSLA":[197],"SAR":[199],"based":[201],"complex":[204],"ship":[206],"model":[207],"distributed":[210],"scenario.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}