{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3131966739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3056722","title":"Superpixel-Based Multiple Statistical Feature Extraction Method for Classification of Hyperspectral Images","display_name":"Superpixel-Based Multiple Statistical Feature Extraction Method for Classification of Hyperspectral Images","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3131966739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3056722","mag":"3131966739"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3056722","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3056722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100380708","display_name":"Dan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2240-9398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2240-9398","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023685801","display_name":"Fanqiang Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8077-648X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangqiang Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035099275","display_name":"Jiahang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5177-8216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiahang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5177-8216","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055119440","display_name":"Qiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9654-0268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Control Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9654-0268","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Control Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6195,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84744938,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"10","first_page":"8738","last_page":"8753"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.9681000113487244,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.795965850353241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6859936118125916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.656363844871521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5600442290306091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5354338884353638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.5114494562149048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.494914710521698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.489838570356369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.40873855352401733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.11722025275230408}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.795965850353241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6859936118125916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.656363844871521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5600442290306091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5354338884353638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.5114494562149048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.494914710521698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.489838570356369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.40873855352401733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11722025275230408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3056722","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3056722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1873142404","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u5168\u7ef4\u5ea6\u72ec\u7acb\u91c7\u6837\u673a\u5236\u7684\u9ad8\u5149\u8c31\u5feb\u901f\u6210\u50cf\u53ca\u9ad8\u7ef4\u53bb\u566a\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61801214","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521436688","https://openalex.org/W1862697533","https://openalex.org/W1939429412","https://openalex.org/W1963659868","https://openalex.org/W1996955012","https://openalex.org/W1997565609","https://openalex.org/W2029316659","https://openalex.org/W2041100636","https://openalex.org/W2062811091","https://openalex.org/W2085529604","https://openalex.org/W2097915756","https://openalex.org/W2098057602","https://openalex.org/W2113464037","https://openalex.org/W2114819256","https://openalex.org/W2131864940","https://openalex.org/W2135431554","https://openalex.org/W2144093206","https://openalex.org/W2152057649","https://openalex.org/W2154506590","https://openalex.org/W2158400785","https://openalex.org/W2164437025","https://openalex.org/W2253590344","https://openalex.org/W2257669061","https://openalex.org/W2314785379","https://openalex.org/W2345118402","https://openalex.org/W2518815253","https://openalex.org/W2595902385","https://openalex.org/W2611868724","https://openalex.org/W2613557745","https://openalex.org/W2740144340","https://openalex.org/W2743255627","https://openalex.org/W2759824248","https://openalex.org/W2768537477","https://openalex.org/W2772452219","https://openalex.org/W2789643644","https://openalex.org/W2792332881","https://openalex.org/W2793645503","https://openalex.org/W2795844359","https://openalex.org/W2801324747","https://openalex.org/W2804458818","https://openalex.org/W2805177060","https://openalex.org/W2808776742","https://openalex.org/W2809635958","https://openalex.org/W2887785636","https://openalex.org/W2898381489","https://openalex.org/W2899101283","https://openalex.org/W2907147407","https://openalex.org/W2909431441","https://openalex.org/W2910980348","https://openalex.org/W2912961521","https://openalex.org/W2919561513","https://openalex.org/W2921446703","https://openalex.org/W2948256530","https://openalex.org/W2952179314","https://openalex.org/W2964381627","https://openalex.org/W2969487932","https://openalex.org/W2981901304","https://openalex.org/W2983563481","https://openalex.org/W2986799142","https://openalex.org/W2987637330","https://openalex.org/W2989702790","https://openalex.org/W2989881034","https://openalex.org/W2991135466","https://openalex.org/W2991616716","https://openalex.org/W2993521533","https://openalex.org/W2998460251","https://openalex.org/W3011437281","https://openalex.org/W3012359476","https://openalex.org/W3033237694","https://openalex.org/W3100499011","https://openalex.org/W3105021316","https://openalex.org/W4206519171","https://openalex.org/W6680889708"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3034655717","https://openalex.org/W2546645752","https://openalex.org/W2028628118","https://openalex.org/W2546871836","https://openalex.org/W2136485282","https://openalex.org/W1993337810","https://openalex.org/W4366492987","https://openalex.org/W1585144779","https://openalex.org/W3173596272","https://openalex.org/W2983327997"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"improve":[1],"the":[2,42,55,59,72,77,83,91,115,118,134,137,158,192,222,226],"classification":[3,127,178,198,223,235],"accuracies":[4],"of":[5,15,47,58,85,114,136,207,225],"hyperspectral":[6],"images":[7],"(HSIs),":[8],"especially":[9,202],"when":[10,203],"using":[11,204],"a":[12,18,165,173,186,238],"limited":[13,205],"number":[14],"training":[16,208],"samples,":[17],"novel":[19],"superpixel-based":[20,45,86,138],"multiple":[21,68,149,154,193],"statistical":[22,69,112,155,194],"feature":[23],"extraction":[24],"(SPMSFE)":[25],"method":[26,188,229],"is":[27],"proposed":[28,227],"in":[29,157],"this":[30],"article.":[31],"For":[32],"each":[33],"dimension-reduced":[34],"pixel":[35],"obtained":[36],"by":[37,237],"maximum":[38],"noise":[39],"fraction":[40],"(MNF),":[41],"most":[43],"similar":[44],"neighbors":[46,87,139],"different":[48,98,105,141],"sizes":[49,135],"are":[50,80],"first":[51],"identified":[52],"based":[53],"on":[54],"spatial":[56,64,92],"structures":[57],"HSIs":[60],"to":[61,88,151,164,189],"exploit":[62],"contextual":[63],"information":[65],"accurately.":[66],"Then,":[67],"features,":[70],"including":[71],"mean,":[73],"covariance":[74],"descriptor,":[75],"and":[76,101,121,160,169,200,233],"Gaussian":[78],"feature,":[79],"extracted":[81],"for":[82,125,140,196,213],"set":[84],"fully":[89],"explore":[90],"geometry":[93],"information,":[94],"tight":[95],"correlations":[96],"between":[97],"spectral":[99],"bands,":[100],"spatial\u2013spectral":[102],"variations":[103],"from":[104],"perspectives,":[106],"respectively.":[107],"In":[108],"addition,":[109],"these":[110,153],"three":[111,214],"features":[113,156,195],"pixels":[116,142],"share":[117],"same":[119],"size":[120],"can":[122],"be":[123,144],"utilized":[124],"uniform":[126,166],"without":[128],"any":[129],"dimensionality":[130],"obstacles":[131],"even":[132],"though":[133],"may":[143],"different.":[145],"Next,":[146],"we":[147],"construct":[148],"kernels":[150],"map":[152],"Euclidean":[159],"Riemannian":[161],"manifold":[162],"spaces":[163],"Hilbert":[167],"space":[168],"embed":[170],"them":[171],"into":[172],"multitask":[174],"kernelized":[175],"sparse":[176],"representation":[177],"(MTKSRC)":[179],"model.":[180],"The":[181,210],"constructed":[182],"MTKSRC":[183],"model":[184],"provides":[185],"natural":[187],"effectively":[190],"fuse":[191],"excellent":[197],"performance":[199],"robustness,":[201],"numbers":[206],"samples.":[209],"experimental":[211],"results":[212],"widely":[215],"used":[216],"HSI":[217],"data":[218],"sets":[219],"demonstrate":[220],"that":[221],"accuracy":[224],"SPMSFE":[228],"outperforms":[230],"several":[231],"latest":[232],"state-of-the-art":[234],"methods":[236],"large":[239],"margin.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}