{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3132082870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3056209","title":"Coherence-Based Geosynchronous SAR Tomography Employing Formation Flying: System Design and Performance Analysis","display_name":"Coherence-Based Geosynchronous SAR Tomography Employing Formation Flying: System Design and Performance Analysis","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3132082870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3056209","mag":"3132082870"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3056209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3056209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100324489","display_name":"Zhiyang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9341-7483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Electronic and Information Technology in Satellite Navigation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Electronic and Information Technology in Satellite Navigation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024045689","display_name":"Cheng Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7582-5291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, China","Key Laboratory of Electronic and Information Technology in Satellite Navigation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Technology Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Electronic and Information Technology in Satellite Navigation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031445156","display_name":"Xichao Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8624-8872"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50632499","display_name":"Chongqing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04vgbd477","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50632499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xichao Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing, China","Key Laboratory of Electronic and Information Technology in Satellite Navigation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50632499","https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Electronic and Information Technology in Satellite Navigation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100631358","display_name":"Yuanhao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8821-2179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanhao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032778722","display_name":"Weiming Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2183-0519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiming Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Electronic and Information Technology in Satellite Navigation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Electronic and Information Technology in Satellite Navigation, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058639409","display_name":"Stephen Hobbs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1464-5382"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Hobbs","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Bedford, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Bedford, U.K","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100324489"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.08,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92913878,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"9","first_page":"7165","last_page":"7179"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9549000263214111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6934399008750916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geosynchronous-orbit","display_name":"Geosynchronous orbit","score":0.6202539205551147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherence","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","score":0.5910971164703369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.558733344078064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decorrelation","display_name":"Decorrelation","score":0.5342147946357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-acquisition","display_name":"Data acquisition","score":0.5050018429756165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4800597131252289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.39059978723526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3581235110759735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3503343462944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.34648558497428894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18141824007034302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.10241657495498657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09815290570259094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6934399008750916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94042562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472251","display_name":"Geosynchronous orbit","level":3,"score":0.6202539205551147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.5910971164703369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.558733344078064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177860922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788608","display_name":"Decorrelation","level":2,"score":0.5342147946357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163985040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172399","display_name":"Data acquisition","level":2,"score":0.5050018429756165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4800597131252289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.39059978723526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3581235110759735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3503343462944031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.34648558497428894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18141824007034302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.10241657495498657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09815290570259094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3056209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3056209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2746600709","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"31727901","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G336257773","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61827901","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3724555380","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017QNRC001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334995","funder_display_name":"CAST Innovation Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7195837280","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W03070007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336605","funder_display_name":"National Ten Thousand Talent Program"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334995","display_name":"CAST Innovation Foundation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336605","display_name":"National Ten Thousand Talent Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516952899","https://openalex.org/W1604774502","https://openalex.org/W1959509446","https://openalex.org/W2002952095","https://openalex.org/W2025969570","https://openalex.org/W2026057110","https://openalex.org/W2031650515","https://openalex.org/W2044751814","https://openalex.org/W2048289234","https://openalex.org/W2082456873","https://openalex.org/W2103833429","https://openalex.org/W2126464026","https://openalex.org/W2136855629","https://openalex.org/W2138039942","https://openalex.org/W2141414687","https://openalex.org/W2142212280","https://openalex.org/W2142623707","https://openalex.org/W2145250341","https://openalex.org/W2167811736","https://openalex.org/W2283076885","https://openalex.org/W2461454668","https://openalex.org/W2489760956","https://openalex.org/W2515020548","https://openalex.org/W2595576079","https://openalex.org/W2613564100","https://openalex.org/W2741905443","https://openalex.org/W2774319706","https://openalex.org/W2775154061","https://openalex.org/W2778988647","https://openalex.org/W2800843019","https://openalex.org/W2895893630","https://openalex.org/W2921451841","https://openalex.org/W2922303281","https://openalex.org/W2940487129","https://openalex.org/W2943386482","https://openalex.org/W2944925717","https://openalex.org/W2966710661","https://openalex.org/W2976575533","https://openalex.org/W2983140237","https://openalex.org/W3006309828","https://openalex.org/W3006723060","https://openalex.org/W3007619818","https://openalex.org/W3011613420","https://openalex.org/W4249744610","https://openalex.org/W6658156121","https://openalex.org/W6760196259"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1604939135","https://openalex.org/W2127058578","https://openalex.org/W2735368845","https://openalex.org/W2089764958","https://openalex.org/W2073586885","https://openalex.org/W2074347802","https://openalex.org/W1952060579","https://openalex.org/W2617331287","https://openalex.org/W2086927121","https://openalex.org/W4210472786"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Coherence-based":[0],"synthetic":[1],"aperture":[2],"radar":[3],"(SAR)":[4],"tomography":[5],"(TomoSAR)":[6],"exploits":[7],"the":[8,46,72,95,115,136,150,183,194,204,208,211,215,219,230],"complex":[9],"coherences":[10],"of":[11,49,88,110,118,132,165,196],"SAR":[12,21,105,168],"images":[13],"to":[14,24,83],"achieve":[15],"3-D":[16],"imaging.":[17],"Utilizing":[18],"two-sensor":[19],"spaceborne":[20],"formation":[22,106,137,145,232],"flying":[23],"realize":[25,158],"coherence-based":[26,101,112,198],"TomoSAR":[27,40,62,77,102,199],"has":[28,41],"attracted":[29],"increasing":[30],"attention":[31],"because":[32],"temporal":[33],"decorrelation-free":[34],"interferograms":[35],"can":[36,78,157],"be":[37],"constructed;":[38],"therefore,":[39],"excellent":[42],"potential":[43],"for":[44],"inverting":[45],"vertical":[47],"structures":[48],"natural":[50],"scenes":[51],"such":[52],"as":[53],"forests":[54],"and":[55,68,124,139,218,238],"glaciers.":[56],"However,":[57],"low":[58,116],"earth":[59],"orbit":[60],"(LEO)":[61],"is":[63,154,171,191,200],"disadvantaged":[64],"by":[65],"limited":[66],"data":[67,122,140,178,235],"nonuniform":[69],"sampling":[70],"in":[71,202,207,214],"elevation":[73,160],"direction.":[74],"Geosynchronous":[75],"(GEO)":[76],"overcome":[79],"these":[80],"limitations":[81],"owing":[82],"its":[84],"short":[85],"revisit":[86],"time":[87],"no":[89],"more":[90],"than":[91],"24":[92],"h.":[93],"For":[94],"first":[96],"time,":[97],"this":[98,174],"article":[99],"discusses":[100],"exploiting":[103],"GEO":[104],"flying.":[107],"The":[108,129,162],"benefits":[109],"GEO-formation":[111,197],"TomoSAR,":[113],"including":[114,135],"cost":[117],"slave":[119],"satellites,":[120],"rich":[121],"sets,":[123],"uniform":[125,159],"sampling,":[126],"are":[127,142,224],"noted.":[128],"key":[130],"problems":[131],"system":[133],"design,":[134],"design":[138,146,233],"acquisition,":[141],"discussed.":[143],"A":[144],"method":[147,180],"based":[148,181],"on":[149,173,182],"minimum":[151],"along-track":[152],"baseline":[153],"proposed":[155,231],"that":[156],"sampling.":[161],"geometric":[163,222],"correlation":[164,223],"a":[166],"general":[167],"observation":[169],"geometry":[170],"derived;":[172],"basis,":[175],"an":[176],"optimal":[177,184,221],"acquisition":[179,236],"height":[185,206],"measurement":[186],"Cramer-Rao":[187],"lower":[188],"bound":[189],"(CRLB)":[190],"proposed.":[192],"Finally,":[193,226],"performance":[195,239],"analyzed;":[201],"particular,":[203],"ambiguity":[205],"altitude":[209,216],"direction,":[210,217],"Rayleigh":[212],"resolution":[213],"theoretical":[220],"evaluated.":[225],"computer":[227],"simulations":[228],"validate":[229],"method,":[234],"scheme,":[237],"analysis":[240],"formula.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
