{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3127542860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3053571","title":"Structure Consistency-Based Graph for Unsupervised Change Detection With Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Remote Sensing Images","display_name":"Structure Consistency-Based Graph for Unsupervised Change Detection With Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Remote Sensing Images","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3127542860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3053571","mag":"3127542860"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3053571","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3053571","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051077603","display_name":"Yuli Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1828-0392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuli Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1828-0392","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027874662","display_name":"Lin Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7106-5528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7106-5528","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100755904","display_name":"Xiao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2406-3781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2406-3781","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101571614","display_name":"Xiang Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1554-3206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082887216","display_name":"Gangyao Kuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2620-889X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gangyao Kuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.0607,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":163,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98613132,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.714928388595581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5729367733001709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5724730491638184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5636526346206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5404933094978333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4959932267665863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4892308712005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homogeneous","display_name":"Homogeneous","score":0.48879191279411316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/change-detection","display_name":"Change detection","score":0.484599232673645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.47995972633361816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earth-observation","display_name":"Earth observation","score":0.4139404892921448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40823230147361755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15181797742843628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.09231528639793396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.08208110928535461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.0795547366142273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.714928388595581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5729367733001709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5724730491638184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5636526346206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5404933094978333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4959932267665863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4892308712005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66882249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169336","display_name":"Homogeneous","level":2,"score":0.48879191279411316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203595873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25389927","display_name":"Change detection","level":2,"score":0.484599232673645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.47995972633361816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39399123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1348989","display_name":"Earth observation","level":3,"score":0.4139404892921448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40823230147361755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15181797742843628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.09231528639793396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.08208110928535461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.0795547366142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3053571","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3053571","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1539811621","https://openalex.org/W1638127209","https://openalex.org/W1964967908","https://openalex.org/W1994040806","https://openalex.org/W1997534118","https://openalex.org/W1998595580","https://openalex.org/W2005682787","https://openalex.org/W2006383776","https://openalex.org/W2010491386","https://openalex.org/W2021729666","https://openalex.org/W2022012334","https://openalex.org/W2032234169","https://openalex.org/W2034073840","https://openalex.org/W2036798369","https://openalex.org/W2042141552","https://openalex.org/W2051809205","https://openalex.org/W2067441435","https://openalex.org/W2074319623","https://openalex.org/W2077282160","https://openalex.org/W2087828778","https://openalex.org/W2088392889","https://openalex.org/W2089327948","https://openalex.org/W2095325404","https://openalex.org/W2104374858","https://openalex.org/W2107450528","https://openalex.org/W2110026675","https://openalex.org/W2126176832","https://openalex.org/W2126413832","https://openalex.org/W2130020884","https://openalex.org/W2133954466","https://openalex.org/W2135228726","https://openalex.org/W2136190472","https://openalex.org/W2145979309","https://openalex.org/W2152185773","https://openalex.org/W2153696326","https://openalex.org/W2159377629","https://openalex.org/W2166052353","https://openalex.org/W2197175232","https://openalex.org/W2314669335","https://openalex.org/W2332183138","https://openalex.org/W2404952880","https://openalex.org/W2475801638","https://openalex.org/W2497902795","https://openalex.org/W2531619007","https://openalex.org/W2548712274","https://openalex.org/W2550608817","https://openalex.org/W2564140372","https://openalex.org/W2568858292","https://openalex.org/W2623952261","https://openalex.org/W2779571083","https://openalex.org/W2791917037","https://openalex.org/W2884276099","https://openalex.org/W2891351760","https://openalex.org/W2894544606","https://openalex.org/W2902746003","https://openalex.org/W2902788350","https://openalex.org/W2903795165","https://openalex.org/W2910587630","https://openalex.org/W2911805825","https://openalex.org/W2916438948","https://openalex.org/W2965608468","https://openalex.org/W2968065858","https://openalex.org/W2980850230","https://openalex.org/W2994904514","https://openalex.org/W2997506757","https://openalex.org/W3000358529","https://openalex.org/W3006274507","https://openalex.org/W3008767742","https://openalex.org/W3017051070","https://openalex.org/W3022569728","https://openalex.org/W3035335060","https://openalex.org/W3047443805","https://openalex.org/W3048631361","https://openalex.org/W3049615702","https://openalex.org/W3066154933","https://openalex.org/W3099831940","https://openalex.org/W3102692100","https://openalex.org/W3103695279","https://openalex.org/W3105553032","https://openalex.org/W3108293152","https://openalex.org/W6629944422","https://openalex.org/W6629956336","https://openalex.org/W6687410183","https://openalex.org/W6772884450"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2568858292","https://openalex.org/W1515964938","https://openalex.org/W2389381914","https://openalex.org/W3181296946","https://openalex.org/W2376528221","https://openalex.org/W4285411112","https://openalex.org/W3205829146","https://openalex.org/W3111202361","https://openalex.org/W2127693862","https://openalex.org/W3090835540"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Change":[0],"detection":[1],"(CD)":[2],"of":[3,10,29,35,71,80,108,134,142,205,238],"remote":[4],"sensing":[5],"(RS)":[6],"images":[7],"is":[8,86,117,195],"one":[9],"the":[11,27,32,49,69,77,83,99,131,140,143,153,167,170,189,200,209,217,236,239],"important":[12],"problems":[13],"in":[14,22,46,145],"earth":[15],"observation,":[16],"which":[17,64,150,180],"has":[18,112],"been":[19],"extensively":[20],"studied":[21],"recent":[23],"years.":[24],"However,":[25],"with":[26,173,192],"development":[28],"RS":[30],"technology,":[31],"specific":[33],"characteristics":[34],"remotely":[36],"sensed":[37],"images,":[38,73],"including":[39],"sensor":[40],"characteristics,":[41],"resolutions,":[42],"noises,":[43],"and":[44,89,95,111,121,147,202,216,226],"distortions":[45],"imagery,":[47],"make":[48,222],"CD":[50,109,162,172,191],"more":[51,224],"complex.":[52],"In":[53],"this":[54],"article,":[55],"we":[56,138,165,207],"propose":[57],"a":[58,106,160,183],"structure":[59,85,213],"consistency-based":[60],"method":[61,101,144,155,168],"for":[62,185],"CD,":[63,149],"detects":[65],"changes":[66],"by":[67,119],"comparing":[68,76],"structures":[70],"two":[72,135],"rather":[74],"than":[75],"pixel":[78],"values":[79],"images.":[81,136],"Because":[82],"image":[84,219],"imaging":[87],"modality-invariant":[88],"not":[90],"sensitive":[91],"to":[92,105,129,169,221],"noise,":[93],"illumination,":[94],"other":[96],"interference":[97],"factors,":[98],"proposed":[100,154,240],"can":[102,156,181],"be":[103,157],"applied":[104],"variety":[107],"scenarios":[110,231],"strong":[113],"robustness.":[114],"Structural":[115],"comparison":[116],"realized":[118],"constructing":[120],"mapping":[122],"an":[123],"improved":[124],"nonlocal":[125],"patch-based":[126],"graph":[127,210],"(NLPG)":[128],"avoid":[130],"data":[132,233],"leakage":[133],"First,":[137],"demonstrate":[139,235],"effectiveness":[141,237],"homogeneous":[146],"heterogeneous":[148,171,190],"shows":[151],"that":[152],"used":[158],"as":[159,188],"unified":[161],"framework.":[163],"Second,":[164],"extend":[166],"multichannel":[174,193],"synthetic":[175],"aperture":[176],"radar":[177],"(SAR)":[178],"image,":[179],"provide":[182],"reference":[184],"future":[186],"research":[187],"SAR":[194],"rarely":[196],"studied.":[197],"Third,":[198],"through":[199],"decomposition":[201],"in-depth":[203],"analysis":[204],"NLPG,":[206],"modify":[208],"construction":[211],"process,":[212],"difference":[214,218],"calculation,":[215],"fusion":[220],"it":[223],"robust":[225],"accurate.":[227],"Experiments":[228],"on":[229],"six":[230],"12":[232],"sets":[234],"method.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}