{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3129293716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3049372","title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning for Semisupervised Hyperspectral Band Selection","display_name":"Deep Reinforcement Learning for Semisupervised Hyperspectral Band Selection","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3129293716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3049372","mag":"3129293716"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3049372","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3049372","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045546082","display_name":"Jie Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8032-7542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jie Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education of China, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education of China, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education of China, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education of China, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100446349","display_name":"Di Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6118-7401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Di Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education of China, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education of China, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education of China, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education of China, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100370035","display_name":"Jing Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4035-9072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education of China, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education of China, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education of China, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education of China, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100681906","display_name":"Xianghai Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0997-4664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianghai Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education of China, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education of China, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education of China, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education of China, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054791684","display_name":"Ronghua Shang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9124-696X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronghua Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education of China, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education of China, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education of China, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education of China, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049776440","display_name":"Xiangrong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0379-2042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangrong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education of China, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education of China, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education of China, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education of China, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050630882","display_name":"Licheng Jiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Licheng Jiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education of China, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education of China, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education of China, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education of China, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045546082"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.9469,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":83,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98142304,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9617000222206116,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.7939587831497192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7290330529212952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6892012357711792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6799561977386475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5969501733779907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regularization","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","score":0.5590542554855347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4932336211204529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.4700447618961334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.46653276681900024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.45681723952293396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.33671241998672485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2296651303768158}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.7939587831497192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7290330529212952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6892012357711792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6799561977386475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5969501733779907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17143721","display_name":"Regularization (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5590542554855347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4932336211204529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.4700447618961334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.46653276681900024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.45681723952293396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.33671241998672485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2296651303768158}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2021.3049372","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3049372","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1149346757","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61773304","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4228412430","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61703328","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4677402211","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6270178909","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61836009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6743289925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SAST2019-093","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330207","funder_display_name":"Shanghai Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7704280752","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61601397","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8438634340","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871306","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330207","display_name":"Shanghai Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation Foundation","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523989055","https://openalex.org/W1932531222","https://openalex.org/W1993022127","https://openalex.org/W1995333990","https://openalex.org/W1995450389","https://openalex.org/W2005871861","https://openalex.org/W2042294722","https://openalex.org/W2043945532","https://openalex.org/W2044439250","https://openalex.org/W2044860242","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2067983477","https://openalex.org/W2069469310","https://openalex.org/W2119717200","https://openalex.org/W2124834959","https://openalex.org/W2138038253","https://openalex.org/W2143277109","https://openalex.org/W2150990614","https://openalex.org/W2154053567","https://openalex.org/W2165835468","https://openalex.org/W2396056163","https://openalex.org/W2506684654","https://openalex.org/W2516282711","https://openalex.org/W2548090596","https://openalex.org/W2604319603","https://openalex.org/W2613070336","https://openalex.org/W2764276316","https://openalex.org/W2769143033","https://openalex.org/W2774446296","https://openalex.org/W2791684669","https://openalex.org/W2896340099","https://openalex.org/W2919520811","https://openalex.org/W2937638900","https://openalex.org/W2984618279","https://openalex.org/W2985526435","https://openalex.org/W2988365422","https://openalex.org/W2991616716","https://openalex.org/W3005414792","https://openalex.org/W3010420609","https://openalex.org/W3011308832","https://openalex.org/W3023065102","https://openalex.org/W3047317383","https://openalex.org/W3100366369","https://openalex.org/W3102274762","https://openalex.org/W3105005050","https://openalex.org/W4236558809","https://openalex.org/W6637967152","https://openalex.org/W6679349491","https://openalex.org/W6690026940","https://openalex.org/W6692846177","https://openalex.org/W6739917289","https://openalex.org/W6774524600"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2072166414","https://openalex.org/W3209970181","https://openalex.org/W2060875994","https://openalex.org/W3034375524","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983","https://openalex.org/W3029198973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Band":[0,86],"selection":[1,79,171],"is":[2,88,102,119,141],"an":[3,54],"important":[4],"step":[5],"in":[6,98,182],"efficient":[7],"processing":[8],"of":[9,20,127,169,209],"hyperspectral":[10,77,214],"images":[11],"(HSIs),":[12],"which":[13],"can":[14],"be":[15],"seen":[16],"as":[17,80,90],"the":[18,34,40,99,123,164,167,183,188,193,205,210],"combination":[19],"powerful":[21],"band":[22,70,78,105,138,189,215],"search":[23,39,87,100],"technique":[24],"and":[25,131,166,186,207],"effective":[26],"evaluation":[27],"criterion.":[28],"The":[29,197],"existing":[30],"deep-learning-based":[31],"methods":[32,50,60],"make":[33],"network":[35,115],"parameters":[36],"sparse":[37],"to":[38,53,62,143,149,180,192],"spectral":[41],"bands":[42],"using":[43],"threshold-based":[44],"functions":[45,159],"or":[46],"regularization":[47],"terms.":[48],"These":[49],"may":[51],"lead":[52],"intractable":[55],"optimization":[56],"problem.":[57,85],"Furthermore,":[58],"these":[59],"need":[61],"repeatedly":[63],"train":[64,144],"deep":[65],"networks":[66],"for":[67,213],"evaluating":[68],"candidate":[69],"subsets.":[71],"In":[72,155],"this":[73],"article,":[74],"we":[75],"formalize":[76],"a":[81,91,103,111],"reinforcement":[82],"learning":[83],"(RL)":[84],"regarded":[89],"sequential":[92],"decision-making":[93],"process,":[94],"where":[95],"each":[96,109],"state":[97,184],"space":[101,185],"feasible":[104],"subset.":[106],"To":[107],"evaluate":[108,151],"state,":[110],"semisupervised":[112],"convolutional":[113],"neural":[114],"(CNN),":[116],"called":[117],"EvaluateNet,":[118,145],"constructed":[120],"by":[121,162],"adding":[122],"intraclass":[124],"compactness":[125],"constraint":[126],"both":[128],"limited":[129],"labeled":[130],"sufficient":[132],"unlabeled":[133],"samples.":[134],"A":[135],"simple":[136],"stochastic":[137],"sampling":[139],"method":[140],"designed":[142,179],"making":[146],"it":[147],"possible":[148],"efficiently":[150],"without":[152],"any":[153],"fine-tuning.":[154],"RL,":[156],"new":[157],"reward":[158],"are":[160,178],"defined":[161],"taking":[163],"EvaluateNet":[165],"penalty":[168],"repeated":[170],"into":[172],"account.":[173],"Finally,":[174],"advantage":[175],"actor\u2013critic":[176],"algorithms":[177,212],"explore":[181],"select":[187],"subset":[190],"according":[191],"expected":[194],"accumulated":[195],"reward.":[196],"experimental":[198],"results":[199],"on":[200],"HSI":[201],"data":[202],"sets":[203],"demonstrate":[204],"effectiveness":[206],"efficiency":[208],"proposed":[211],"selection.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}