{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3094567814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3029841","title":"Semantic Unsupervised Change Detection of Natural Land Cover With Multitemporal Object-Based Analysis on SAR Images","display_name":"Semantic Unsupervised Change Detection of Natural Land Cover With Multitemporal Object-Based Analysis on SAR Images","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3094567814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3029841","mag":"3094567814"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2020.3029841","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3029841","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084276866","display_name":"Donato Amitrano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2355-4503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Donato Amitrano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Information Technology Engineering, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Technology Engineering, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072917995","display_name":"Raffaella Guida","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9041-4244"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raffaella Guida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ingegneria Elettronica e delle Telecomunicazioni, Universit\u00e0 di Napoli, Naples, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ingegneria Elettronica e delle Telecomunicazioni, Universit\u00e0 di Napoli, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059360012","display_name":"Pasquale Iervolino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3116-1179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283197605","display_name":"Surrey Satellite Technology (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5rx042","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283197605"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pasquale Iervolino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Surrey Space Centre, Guildford, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Surrey Space Centre, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283197605"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084276866"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6762,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91925608,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"7","first_page":"5494","last_page":"5514"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.802120566368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/change-detection","display_name":"Change detection","score":0.7451815009117126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.647174596786499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.617257833480835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5687292814254761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.5518914461135864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.5200433731079102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deforestation","display_name":"Deforestation (computer science)","score":0.5112404823303223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.49537956714630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4616734981536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4434617757797241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.43582767248153687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4296058118343353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.41528600454330444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4012349843978882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.18912211060523987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.10513246059417725}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.802120566368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203595873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25389927","display_name":"Change detection","level":2,"score":0.7451815009117126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.647174596786499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.617257833480835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5687292814254761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.5518914461135864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.5200433731079102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777399953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155658","display_name":"Deforestation (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5112404823303223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.49537956714630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4616734981536865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4434617757797241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.43582767248153687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4296058118343353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.41528600454330444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4012349843978882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.18912211060523987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10513246059417725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2020.3029841","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3029841","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312931","display_name":"UK Space Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/051sgbe98"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W385663865","https://openalex.org/W1505581229","https://openalex.org/W1522345630","https://openalex.org/W1564316526","https://openalex.org/W1566144858","https://openalex.org/W1669730594","https://openalex.org/W1931910357","https://openalex.org/W1963994432","https://openalex.org/W1965852574","https://openalex.org/W1981546716","https://openalex.org/W1981666124","https://openalex.org/W1995747879","https://openalex.org/W2014933892","https://openalex.org/W2028151808","https://openalex.org/W2032521963","https://openalex.org/W2034073840","https://openalex.org/W2036798369","https://openalex.org/W2043667217","https://openalex.org/W2045193926","https://openalex.org/W2046453251","https://openalex.org/W2051878103","https://openalex.org/W2087278589","https://openalex.org/W2095900603","https://openalex.org/W2101786234","https://openalex.org/W2104520867","https://openalex.org/W2106052468","https://openalex.org/W2110161540","https://openalex.org/W2110519070","https://openalex.org/W2111320133","https://openalex.org/W2112728479","https://openalex.org/W2115780431","https://openalex.org/W2116282268","https://openalex.org/W2117330251","https://openalex.org/W2118116484","https://openalex.org/W2121348175","https://openalex.org/W2123896593","https://openalex.org/W2126176832","https://openalex.org/W2126806605","https://openalex.org/W2127403029","https://openalex.org/W2128254612","https://openalex.org/W2130748089","https://openalex.org/W2133003941","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2134505588","https://openalex.org/W2135228726","https://openalex.org/W2139514605","https://openalex.org/W2140624467","https://openalex.org/W2142750051","https://openalex.org/W2146618204","https://openalex.org/W2152185773","https://openalex.org/W2160544350","https://openalex.org/W2163884840","https://openalex.org/W2163917599","https://openalex.org/W2165577558","https://openalex.org/W2167093797","https://openalex.org/W2169517707","https://openalex.org/W2175159455","https://openalex.org/W2256984815","https://openalex.org/W2399482152","https://openalex.org/W2493419427","https://openalex.org/W2560901046","https://openalex.org/W2597284376","https://openalex.org/W2604199742","https://openalex.org/W2609532080","https://openalex.org/W2736261247","https://openalex.org/W2745358476","https://openalex.org/W2748484989","https://openalex.org/W2765582041","https://openalex.org/W2790399144","https://openalex.org/W2790869495","https://openalex.org/W2793014151","https://openalex.org/W2811044316","https://openalex.org/W2886438884","https://openalex.org/W2897259334","https://openalex.org/W2912781587","https://openalex.org/W2926563478","https://openalex.org/W2948892439","https://openalex.org/W2980058884","https://openalex.org/W4245176872","https://openalex.org/W6735132182"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2568858292","https://openalex.org/W1515964938","https://openalex.org/W2389381914","https://openalex.org/W2376528221","https://openalex.org/W196800607","https://openalex.org/W107872912","https://openalex.org/W2496502083","https://openalex.org/W2359428812","https://openalex.org/W2153381734","https://openalex.org/W2050072374"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Change":[0],"detection":[1,76,177,209],"is":[2,80],"one":[3],"of":[4,31,41,49,101,111,114,122,151,161,179,193,201,205,227,231,234,243,253],"the":[5,10,21,29,32,38,64,94,98,106,109,149,152,176,185,194,199,207,217,220,225,232,240,244,248,251],"most":[6,22,221],"addressed":[7],"topics":[8],"in":[9,63,77,132,159,175,198],"remote":[11],"sensing":[12],"community.":[13],"When":[14],"performed":[15],"on":[16,46],"synthetic":[17],"aperture":[18],"radar":[19],"images,":[20],"critical":[23],"issues":[24],"are":[25,61,247],"as":[26],"follows:":[27],"1)":[28],"labeling":[30],"identified":[33],"changing":[34],"patterns":[35],"and":[36,104,119,138,250],"2)":[37],"scarce":[39],"robustness":[40,249],"classic":[42],"pixel-based":[43],"approaches":[44],"based":[45],"threshold":[47],"segmentation":[48],"an":[50,172,191],"appropriate":[51],"change":[52,75],"index,":[53],"which":[54,155,256],"tend":[55],"to":[56,96,184,213],"fail":[57],"when":[58],"multiple":[59],"changes":[60,115],"present":[62],"study":[65],"area.":[66],"In":[67,203],"this":[68],"work,":[69],"a":[70],"new":[71],"methodology":[72,128],"for":[73,171,261],"unsupervised":[74],"vegetation":[78],"canopy":[79],"presented.":[81],"It":[82],"overcomes":[83],"these":[84],"limitations":[85],"by":[86,216],"exploiting":[87],"multitemporal":[88],"geographical":[89],"object-based":[90],"image":[91],"analysis":[92],"with":[93,182,190],"aim":[95],"make":[97],"intrinsic":[99],"semantic":[100],"data":[102],"emerge":[103],"direct":[105],"processing":[107],"toward":[108],"identification":[110],"precise":[112],"classes":[113],"through":[116],"dictionary-based":[117],"preclassification":[118],"fuzzy":[120],"combination":[121],"class-specific":[123],"information":[124],"layers.":[125],"The":[126,142],"proposed":[127,153,245],"has":[129],"been":[130],"tested":[131],"ten":[133],"different":[134],"experiments":[135],"covering":[136],"agriculture":[137,167],"clear-cut":[139],"deforestation":[140,237],"applications.":[141],"results,":[143],"validated":[144],"against":[145],"literature":[146,188],"methods,":[147],"highlighted":[148],"superiority":[150],"approach,":[154],"was":[156,211,224],"quantitatively":[157],"assessed":[158],"terms":[160],"standard":[162],"classification":[163],"quality":[164],"parameters.":[165],"On":[166],"experiments,":[168],"it":[169,258],"allowed":[170],"average":[173],"increase":[174],"accuracy":[178,210],"about":[180],"11%":[181],"respect":[183],"best":[186],"performing":[187],"method,":[189],"increment":[192],"false":[195,236],"alarm":[196],"rate":[197],"order":[200],"0.5%.":[202],"case":[204],"deforestation,":[206],"registered":[208],"comparable":[212],"that":[214],"achieved":[215],"literature,":[218],"while":[219],"significant":[222],"benefit":[223],"reduction,":[226],"more":[228],"than":[229],"one-third,":[230],"number":[233],"detected":[235],"patterns.":[238],"Overall,":[239],"main":[241],"characteristics":[242],"architecture":[246],"lack":[252],"any":[254],"supervision,":[255],"makes":[257],"very":[259],"well-suited":[260],"operational":[262],"scenarios.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
