{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3089225446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3021819","title":"SMAPGAN: Generative Adversarial Network-Based Semisupervised Styled Map Tile Generation Method","display_name":"SMAPGAN: Generative Adversarial Network-Based Semisupervised Styled Map Tile Generation Method","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3089225446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3021819","mag":"3089225446"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2020.3021819","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3021819","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.07712","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xu Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Songqiang Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songqiang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tian Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Bangguo Yin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bangguo Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jian Peng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiaoming Mei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoming Mei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Haifeng Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haifeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.725,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87071069,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"5","first_page":"4388","last_page":"4406"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.22519999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.22519999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.20499999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.10689999908208847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5978000164031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5493000149726868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vector-map","display_name":"Vector map","score":0.5231000185012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.5077999830245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tile","display_name":"Tile","score":0.4941999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.4602000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.4318000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.4302000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.4187999963760376}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.703499972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5978000164031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5493000149726868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177292542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q440959","display_name":"Vector map","level":2,"score":0.5231000185012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.5077999830245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780728851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468402","display_name":"Tile","level":2,"score":0.4941999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.4602000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.4318000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.4302000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.4187999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.3986000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.3921999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3801000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3776000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.36309999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.3314000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779757391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002292","display_name":"Image translation","level":3,"score":0.31790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111442797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7291446","display_name":"Rand index","level":3,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124913957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1232548","display_name":"Zoom","level":3,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59662460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170130","display_name":"Vector graphics","level":3,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780632292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653848","display_name":"World map","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2020.3021819","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3021819","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2001.07712","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2001.07712","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.07712","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2001.07712","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2001.07712","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2001.07712","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1053941327","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41871364","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1259905161","display_name":"\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u673a\u5236\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u9ad8\u5206\u9065\u611f\u5f71\u50cf\u8bed\u4e49\u5206\u5272\u65b9\u6cd5","funder_award_id":"41871276","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1408904890","display_name":"\u6df1\u5ea6\u751f\u6210\u5b66\u4e60\u673a\u5236\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4fe1\u606f\u670d\u52a1\u81ea\u52a8\u7ec4\u5408\u65b9\u6cd5","funder_award_id":"41871302","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1546185488","https://openalex.org/W1964859077","https://openalex.org/W2002551118","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2165932235","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2586772604","https://openalex.org/W2791006446","https://openalex.org/W2795709097","https://openalex.org/W2807033398","https://openalex.org/W2810821452","https://openalex.org/W2888307014","https://openalex.org/W2892503698","https://openalex.org/W2900116731","https://openalex.org/W2902724941","https://openalex.org/W2927933146","https://openalex.org/W2944451185","https://openalex.org/W2944653015","https://openalex.org/W2962687594","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2963074253","https://openalex.org/W2963767194","https://openalex.org/W2963837733","https://openalex.org/W2963942586","https://openalex.org/W2964024144","https://openalex.org/W2982014123","https://openalex.org/W2982482961","https://openalex.org/W6678815747","https://openalex.org/W6718379498","https://openalex.org/W6730095352","https://openalex.org/W6734074887","https://openalex.org/W6745992979","https://openalex.org/W6746559639","https://openalex.org/W6748645028","https://openalex.org/W6748733227","https://openalex.org/W6759496466","https://openalex.org/W6760684971","https://openalex.org/W6765779288","https://openalex.org/W6782314087"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"online":[1,28],"map":[2,29,44,92,103,153,193,254],"tiles,":[3],"which":[4,35,165],"are":[5,19,166],"widely":[6],"used":[7,66],"on":[8,80,95,122,129,233],"the":[9,96,138,144,173,184,187,191,210,214,219,234],"Internet,":[10],"such":[11],"as":[12,179],"by":[13,74],"Google":[14],"Maps":[15],"and":[16,55,126,143,159,195,218],"Baidu":[17],"Maps,":[18],"rendered":[20],"from":[21,31,48,106],"vector":[22,32,61],"data.":[23,62],"The":[24,198],"timely":[25],"updating":[26],"of":[27,90,186,237,258],"tiles":[30,45,93,104,194],"data,":[33],"for":[34,163,251],"generation":[36,89],"is":[37,39,52,244,260],"time-consuming,":[38],"a":[40,87,115,151,180,229,245],"difficult":[41],"mission.":[42],"Generating":[43],"over":[46],"time":[47],"remote":[49,107],"sensing":[50,108],"images":[51],"relatively":[53],"simple":[54],"can":[56],"be":[57,68],"performed":[58],"quickly":[59],"without":[60],"However,":[63],"this":[64,111],"approach":[65],"to":[67,100,119,149,182,209],"challenging":[69],"or":[70],"even":[71],"impossible.":[72],"Inspired":[73],"image-to-image":[75],"translation":[76],"(img2img)":[77],"techniques":[78],"based":[79,94],"generative":[81],"adversarial":[82],"networks":[83],"(GANs),":[84],"we":[85,113,171],"proposed":[86,172],"semisupervised":[88,116],"styled":[91,102,152,253],"GANs":[97],"(SMAPGAN)":[98],"model":[99],"generate":[101,150],"directly":[105],"images.":[109],"In":[110],"model,":[112],"designed":[114,137],"learning":[117],"strategy":[118],"pretrain":[120],"SMAPGAN":[121,203,222,243,259],"rich":[123],"unpaired":[124],"samples":[125,132],"fine-tune":[127],"it":[128],"limited":[130],"paired":[131],"in":[133,168,228],"reality.":[134],"We":[135],"also":[136],"image":[139,145],"gradient":[140,146],"L1":[141],"loss":[142,148],"structure":[147],"tile":[154],"with":[155,248],"global":[156],"topological":[157,188],"relationships":[158],"detailed":[160],"edge":[161,174],"curves":[162],"objects,":[164],"important":[167],"cartography.":[169,238],"Moreover,":[170],"structural":[175,215],"similarity":[176,216],"index":[177],"(ESSI)":[178],"metric":[181],"evaluate":[183],"quality":[185],"consistency":[189],"between":[190],"generated":[192],"ground":[196],"truth.":[197],"experimental":[199],"results":[200],"show":[201],"that":[202,242],"outperforms":[204],"state-of-the-art":[205],"(SOTA)":[206],"works":[207],"according":[208],"mean":[211],"squared":[212],"error,":[213],"index,":[217],"ESSI.":[220],"Also,":[221],"gained":[223],"higher":[224],"approval":[225],"than":[226],"SOTA":[227],"human":[230],"perceptual":[231],"test":[232],"visual":[235],"realism":[236],"Our":[239,256],"work":[240],"shows":[241],"new":[246],"tool":[247],"excellent":[249],"potential":[250],"producing":[252],"tiles.":[255],"implementation":[257],"available":[261],"at":[262],"https://github.com/imcsq/SMAPGAN.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2020-10-01T00:00:00"}