{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3118988718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3020914","title":"Improving Time-Efficiency of Variational Specific Differential Phase Estimation","display_name":"Improving Time-Efficiency of Variational Specific Differential Phase Estimation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3118988718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3020914","mag":"3118988718"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2020.3020914","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3020914","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100732402","display_name":"Hao Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3998-9074"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767927","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather","ror":"https://ror.org/03d2yag39","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133131","https://openalex.org/I4391767927"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133131","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034b53w38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory for Mesoscale Severe Weather/MOE, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Joint Center for Atmospheric Radar Research, CMA/NJU, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, CMA/NJU, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Mesoscale Severe Weather/MOE, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Joint Center for Atmospheric Radar Research, CMA/NJU, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767927"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, CMA/NJU, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133131","https://openalex.org/I4391767927"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077633829","display_name":"Kun Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3429-4699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767927","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather","ror":"https://ror.org/03d2yag39","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133131","https://openalex.org/I4391767927"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133131","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034b53w38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133131"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory for Mesoscale Severe Weather/MOE, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Joint Center for Atmospheric Radar Research, CMA/NJU, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, CMA/NJU, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Mesoscale Severe Weather/MOE, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Joint Center for Atmospheric Radar Research, CMA/NJU, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767927"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, CMA/NJU, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133131","https://openalex.org/I4391767927"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100767774","display_name":"Haonan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9795-3064"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128139","display_name":"NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/030ea6w47","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I2802992173","https://openalex.org/I4210128139","https://openalex.org/I80605987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haonan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114025691","display_name":"Gang Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133131","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034b53w38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767927","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather","ror":"https://ror.org/03d2yag39","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133131","https://openalex.org/I4391767927"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131567","display_name":"Jiangsu Institute of Meteorological Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03y33h821","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131567"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Nanjing, China","State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Joint Center for Atmospheric Radar Research, CMA/NJU, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, CMA/NJU, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131567"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Joint Center for Atmospheric Radar Research, CMA/NJU, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767927"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, CMA/NJU, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133131","https://openalex.org/I4391767927"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053339690","display_name":"Dongming Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongming Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Meteorological Observatory, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Meteorological Observatory, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100433361","display_name":"Yu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5377-8017"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangzhou Meteorological Observatory, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangzhou Meteorological Observatory, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104001741","display_name":"Zhengwei Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0550-5604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133131","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034b53w38","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767927","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather","ror":"https://ror.org/03d2yag39","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133131","https://openalex.org/I4391767927"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengwei Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory for Mesoscale Severe Weather/MOE, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Joint Center for Atmospheric Radar Research, CMA/NJU, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, CMA/NJU, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Mesoscale Severe Weather/MOE, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Joint Center for Atmospheric Radar Research, CMA/NJU, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767927"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, CMA/NJU, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133131","https://openalex.org/I4391767927"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100732402"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133131","https://openalex.org/I4391767927","https://openalex.org/I881766915"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1151,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51251578,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"7","first_page":"5642","last_page":"5664"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5209521055221558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48632463812828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4116500914096832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.34315750002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.331053227186203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08527356386184692}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5209521055221558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48632463812828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4116500914096832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34315750002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.331053227186203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08527356386184692}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2020.3020914","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3020914","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G228820370","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41905019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4226117425","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFC1501703","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4246720698","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFC1506404","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G941707848","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41875053","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W223995386","https://openalex.org/W613054787","https://openalex.org/W1596195796","https://openalex.org/W1672771901","https://openalex.org/W1964708333","https://openalex.org/W1972578429","https://openalex.org/W1977594281","https://openalex.org/W2000359198","https://openalex.org/W2001049707","https://openalex.org/W2005126631","https://openalex.org/W2031459034","https://openalex.org/W2040042389","https://openalex.org/W2040444570","https://openalex.org/W2060169694","https://openalex.org/W2061637308","https://openalex.org/W2068159543","https://openalex.org/W2088477592","https://openalex.org/W2102675572","https://openalex.org/W2108994921","https://openalex.org/W2115792892","https://openalex.org/W2120730821","https://openalex.org/W2131775003","https://openalex.org/W2144939043","https://openalex.org/W2147876862","https://openalex.org/W2162568555","https://openalex.org/W2175874676","https://openalex.org/W2277022883","https://openalex.org/W2397964538","https://openalex.org/W2537776819","https://openalex.org/W2605527323","https://openalex.org/W2609113477","https://openalex.org/W2761279999","https://openalex.org/W2783396905","https://openalex.org/W2792081669","https://openalex.org/W2802272138","https://openalex.org/W2914408613","https://openalex.org/W2981919667","https://openalex.org/W4252656291"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1979597421","https://openalex.org/W2007980826","https://openalex.org/W4245490552","https://openalex.org/W4225152035","https://openalex.org/W2061531152","https://openalex.org/W3002753104","https://openalex.org/W2077600819","https://openalex.org/W1587224694","https://openalex.org/W2911598644"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,23],"variational":[4,78,119,142,175],"approach":[5,79,120,143,151,176,189],"for":[6,19,197],"optimized":[7],"estimation":[8],"of":[9,38,51,91,115],"specific":[10],"differential":[11,44,102],"phase":[12,45],"(":[13,95,104],"K":[14,52,67],"<sub":[15,53,68,97,106],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[16,54,69,98,107],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">DP</sub>":[17,55,70],")":[18,100,109],"polarimetric":[20,116],"radars":[21],"using":[22,123],"linear":[24,154,170],"forward":[25,171],"operator.":[26],"A":[27],"cubic":[28],"B-spline":[29],"interpolating":[30],"filter":[31],"is":[32,80,121],"included":[33],"to":[34,63,82,149,162],"mitigate":[35],"the":[36,42,48,66,74,84,89,112,141,150,158,165,169,188],"impact":[37],"measurement":[39],"error":[40],"in":[41],"total":[43],"and":[46,101,157],"ensure":[47,64],"spatial":[49],"continuity":[50],".":[56],"For":[57],"rain,":[58],"non-negative":[59],"constraints":[60],"are":[61,72],"introduced":[62],"that":[65],"estimates":[71],"within":[73],"physical":[75],"bounds.":[76],"The":[77,118],"flexible":[81],"incorporate":[83],"background":[85,139,159],"information":[86,160],"constructed":[87],"from":[88,131],"measurements":[90],"horizontal":[92],"reflectivity":[93,103],"factor":[94],"Z":[96,105],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">H</sub>":[99],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">DR</sub>":[108],"based":[110,152,190],"on":[111,153,191],"self-consistent":[113],"relationship":[114],"variables.":[117],"evaluated":[122],"simulated":[124],"experiments,":[125],"as":[126,128],"well":[127],"real":[129],"observations":[130],"an":[132],"S-band":[133],"operational":[134,199],"weather":[135],"radar.":[136],"Without":[137],"including":[138],"information,":[140],"has":[144],"slightly":[145],"better":[146],"performance":[147],"compared":[148],"programming":[155],"(LP),":[156],"helps":[161],"further":[163],"improve":[164],"performance.":[166],"In":[167],"addition,":[168],"operator":[172],"makes":[173],"this":[174],"computationally":[177],"efficient.":[178],"It":[179],"needs":[180],"less":[181],"than":[182],"3%":[183],"computational":[184],"power":[185],"required":[186],"by":[187],"LP,":[192],"making":[193],"it":[194],"more":[195],"suitable":[196],"real-time":[198],"applications.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}