{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3085298454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3019976","title":"Minimizing Timing Jitter\u2019s Impact on Ground-Penetrating Radar Array Coupling Signals","display_name":"Minimizing Timing Jitter\u2019s Impact on Ground-Penetrating Radar Array Coupling Signals","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3085298454","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3019976","mag":"3085298454"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2020.3019976","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3019976","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1815369","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053075109","display_name":"Samuel G. Wagner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7944-7918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Wagner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA","Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7944-7918","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021283619","display_name":"Brian M. Worthmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2437-9038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian M. Worthmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA","Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Anh-Vu Pham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1842-957X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anh-Vu Pham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA","Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1842-957X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053075109"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9049,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74084194,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"6","first_page":"4717","last_page":"4724"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.899663507938385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6502478122711182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.507096529006958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.47998711466789246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4672676622867584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","score":0.4502807855606079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coupling","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","score":0.4268803000450134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3896833062171936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3362625241279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22441527247428894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18405550718307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1600187122821808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.14034464955329895}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.899663507938385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6502478122711182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.507096529006958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.47998711466789246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4672676622867584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.4502807855606079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.4268803000450134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3896833062171936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3362625241279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22441527247428894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18405550718307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1600187122821808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.14034464955329895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2020.3019976","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3019976","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1815369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1815369","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1815369","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1815369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1815369","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1815369","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4373919540","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-17-1-2488","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338286","funder_display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338286","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3085298454.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3085298454.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W591753597","https://openalex.org/W1496034345","https://openalex.org/W1542583835","https://openalex.org/W1973352451","https://openalex.org/W2042582681","https://openalex.org/W2063605977","https://openalex.org/W2075322550","https://openalex.org/W2106508418","https://openalex.org/W2123376510","https://openalex.org/W2169760900","https://openalex.org/W2171370898","https://openalex.org/W2342258582","https://openalex.org/W2509416747","https://openalex.org/W2789711215","https://openalex.org/W2801927078","https://openalex.org/W2909717222","https://openalex.org/W2982574052","https://openalex.org/W2984146709","https://openalex.org/W4241319329","https://openalex.org/W4243613133","https://openalex.org/W6629687929","https://openalex.org/W6632282028","https://openalex.org/W6725255937"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4315471419","https://openalex.org/W2946057701","https://openalex.org/W4386931161","https://openalex.org/W2374146176","https://openalex.org/W2065249286","https://openalex.org/W2366839571","https://openalex.org/W2027762722","https://openalex.org/W4223960160","https://openalex.org/W2121182846","https://openalex.org/W2356754952"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,63,81],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,46,51,85,115,159],"novel":[4],"investigation":[5],"into":[6,71],"the":[7,14,25,60,72,94,99,108,135,152],"effect":[8],"of":[9,16,18,27,38,87,98,155],"receiver":[10],"timing":[11,28],"jitter":[12,29,49,161],"on":[13,93],"quality":[15],"imaging":[17],"ground-penetrating":[19],"radar":[20,61],"systems.":[21],"We":[22,118],"explicitly":[23],"show":[24,119],"impact":[26],"throughout":[30],"an":[31,106],"entire":[32],"example":[33],"processing":[34],"pipeline.":[35],"The":[36],"process":[37],"coupling":[39,67,100,109,156],"removal":[40],"in":[41,59,158],"systems":[42],"whose":[43],"receivers":[44],"have":[45],"random":[47],"Gaussian-distributed":[48],"with":[50],"high":[52],"standard":[53],"deviation":[54],"leaves":[55],"randomly":[56],"distributed":[57],"residue":[58,82,110,127],"image.":[62],"residue,":[64],"called":[65,134],"jitter-induced":[66],"noise,":[68],"extends":[69],"even":[70],"expected":[73],"target":[74],"domain":[75],"which":[76],"may":[77],"cause":[78],"false":[79],"alarms.":[80],"approximately":[83],"follows":[84],"sum":[86],"Gaussian":[88],"and":[89,128,138,143],"Gamma":[90],"distributions":[91],"based":[92],"higher":[95],"order":[96],"derivatives":[97],"signal.":[101],"Once":[102],"migrated":[103,139],"to":[104,150],"create":[105],"image,":[107],"is":[111],"best":[112],"described":[113],"by":[114],"Weibull":[116],"distribution.":[117],"that":[120],"simple":[121],"filtering":[122],"does":[123],"not":[124],"remove":[125],"enough":[126],"propose":[129],"two":[130],"preventative":[131],"design":[132],"specifications":[133,149],"linear":[136],"slope":[137],"probability":[140],"specifications.":[141],"Antenna":[142],"system":[144],"designers":[145],"should":[146],"use":[147],"these":[148],"assess":[151],"true":[153],"severity":[154],"signals":[157],"given":[160],"environment.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-10T08:33:47.465468","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}