{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3083166649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3018106","title":"GRS-Det: An Anchor-Free Rotation Ship Detector Based on Gaussian-Mask in Remote Sensing Images","display_name":"GRS-Det: An Anchor-Free Rotation Ship Detector Based on Gaussian-Mask in Remote Sensing Images","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3083166649","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3018106","mag":"3083166649"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2020.3018106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3018106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049776440","display_name":"Xiangrong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0379-2042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiangrong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069808220","display_name":"Guanchun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9606-7052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanchun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081629780","display_name":"Peng Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9616-5149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100667596","display_name":"Tianyang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9079-7970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100369793","display_name":"Chen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0079-3106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050630882","display_name":"Licheng Jiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3354-9617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Licheng Jiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049776440"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":73.7958,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99957111,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"4","first_page":"3518","last_page":"3531"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12624","display_name":"Maritime and Coastal Archaeology","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12624","display_name":"Maritime and Coastal Archaeology","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9836000204086304,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7366994619369507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotation","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","score":0.6611947417259216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.6071312427520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.5693069696426392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5691869854927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5434688329696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-bounding-box","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","score":0.5264735221862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5242959856987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.4946875274181366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.49085527658462524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.44368138909339905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4425755739212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4114586412906647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.39604446291923523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.38708311319351196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33384841680526733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.11499705910682678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10202556848526001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09274712204933167}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7366994619369507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74050887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848368","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6611947417259216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.6071312427520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5693069696426392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5691869854927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5434688329696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147037132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","level":3,"score":0.5264735221862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5242959856987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.4946875274181366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.49085527658462524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.44368138909339905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4425755739212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4114586412906647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.39604446291923523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.38708311319351196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33384841680526733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.11499705910682678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10202556848526001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09274712204933167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2020.3018106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3018106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1040076515","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B07048","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4210063020","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772399","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4677402211","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8438634340","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871306","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1970782782","https://openalex.org/W1972600947","https://openalex.org/W2003059629","https://openalex.org/W2017226600","https://openalex.org/W2061200049","https://openalex.org/W2064094295","https://openalex.org/W2100503224","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2129987527","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2400138547","https://openalex.org/W2442495293","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2579985080","https://openalex.org/W2593539516","https://openalex.org/W2594177559","https://openalex.org/W2605982830","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2625829240","https://openalex.org/W2725486421","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2773495332","https://openalex.org/W2788202095","https://openalex.org/W2796347433","https://openalex.org/W2855340099","https://openalex.org/W2902184095","https://openalex.org/W2922690896","https://openalex.org/W2950800384","https://openalex.org/W2962749812","https://openalex.org/W2962914239","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963404857","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W2963927307","https://openalex.org/W2964294787","https://openalex.org/W2968292493","https://openalex.org/W2982770724","https://openalex.org/W2989678931","https://openalex.org/W2991359031","https://openalex.org/W2991363140","https://openalex.org/W3012573144","https://openalex.org/W3092088889","https://openalex.org/W3099008583","https://openalex.org/W3106228955","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3174873843","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6679461745","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6714138976","https://openalex.org/W6732243160","https://openalex.org/W6739844568","https://openalex.org/W6746776673","https://openalex.org/W6750227808","https://openalex.org/W6753033036","https://openalex.org/W6756314655","https://openalex.org/W6760673939","https://openalex.org/W6766860876","https://openalex.org/W6770563538","https://openalex.org/W6770886966","https://openalex.org/W6771699368","https://openalex.org/W6785652829"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4237171675","https://openalex.org/W3036286480","https://openalex.org/W4287027631","https://openalex.org/W3192357901","https://openalex.org/W2387360586","https://openalex.org/W2952736415","https://openalex.org/W3209723314","https://openalex.org/W3205398323","https://openalex.org/W2883297582","https://openalex.org/W4390524233"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ship":[0,186],"detection":[1,87,165,180],"is":[2,63,95,117,123],"a":[3,69,78,83,90,120],"significant":[4],"and":[5,16,47,82,169,184],"challenging":[6],"task":[7],"in":[8,39,114],"remote":[9],"sensing.":[10],"Due":[11],"to":[12,30,97,125,151,163],"the":[13,24,53,103,107,127,138,146,153,164],"arbitrary-oriented":[14],"property":[15],"large":[17],"aspect":[18],"ratio":[19],"of":[20,23,68,105,141,155,171],"ships,":[21],"most":[22],"existing":[25],"detectors":[26],"adopt":[27],"rotation":[28,35,58,79,121,142],"boxes":[29],"represent":[31],"ships.":[32,156],"However,":[33],"manual-designed":[34],"anchors":[36],"are":[37,161],"needed":[38],"these":[40],"detectors,":[41],"which":[42,65,134],"causes":[43],"multiplied":[44],"computational":[45],"cost":[46],"inaccurate":[48],"box":[49],"regression.":[50],"To":[51],"address":[52],"abovementioned":[54],"problems,":[55],"an":[56],"anchor-free":[57],"ship":[59,128,179],"detector,":[60],"named":[61],"GRS-Det,":[62],"proposed,":[64],"mainly":[66],"consists":[67],"feature":[70,100,115,159],"extraction":[71],"network":[72,92],"with":[73,93],"selective":[74],"concatenation":[75],"module":[76,166],"(SCM),":[77],"Gaussian-Mask":[80,122,147],"model,":[81],"fully":[84],"convolutional":[85],"network-based":[86],"module.":[88],"First,":[89],"U-shape":[91],"SCM":[94],"used":[96],"extract":[98],"multiscale":[99,158],"maps.":[101],"With":[102],"help":[104],"SCM,":[106],"channel":[108],"unbalance":[109],"problem":[110,140],"between":[111],"different-level":[112],"features":[113],"fusion":[116],"solved.":[118],"Then,":[119],"designed":[124],"model":[126],"based":[129],"on":[130,178],"its":[131],"geometry":[132],"characteristics,":[133],"aims":[135],"at":[136],"solving":[137],"mislabeling":[139],"bounding":[143],"boxes.":[144],"Meanwhile,":[145],"leverages":[148],"context":[149],"information":[150],"strengthen":[152],"perception":[154],"Finally,":[157],"maps":[160],"fed":[162],"for":[167],"classification":[168],"regression":[170],"each":[172],"pixel.":[173],"Our":[174],"proposed":[175],"method,":[176],"evaluated":[177],"benchmarks,":[181],"including":[182],"HRSC2016":[183],"DOTA":[185],"data":[187],"sets,":[188],"achieves":[189],"state-of-the-art":[190],"results.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
