{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3077327398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3014130","title":"SAR Speckle Removal Using Hybrid Frequency Modulations","display_name":"SAR Speckle Removal Using Hybrid Frequency Modulations","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3077327398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3014130","mag":"3077327398"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2020.3014130","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3014130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089384363","display_name":"Shuaiqi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7520-8226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43337087","display_name":"Hebei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p884a79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43337087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuaiqi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering of Hebei Province, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding, China","Machine Vision Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7520-8226","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering of Hebei Province, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43337087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Vision Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43337087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046522407","display_name":"Lele Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43337087","display_name":"Hebei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p884a79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43337087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lele Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering of Hebei Province, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding, China","Machine Vision Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering of Hebei Province, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43337087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Vision Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43337087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077338891","display_name":"Yu Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-9441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43337087","display_name":"Hebei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p884a79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43337087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering of Hebei Province, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding, China","Machine Vision Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3392-9441","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering of Hebei Province, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43337087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Vision Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43337087"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080596209","display_name":"Miaohui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1125-9299"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104064","display_name":"Shenzhen Academy of Robotics","ror":"https://ror.org/01h027j09","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104064"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miaohui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Key Laboratory of Media Security, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1125-9299","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Key Laboratory of Media Security, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104064"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068072849","display_name":"Qi Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7495-1066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006139739","display_name":"Xiaole Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7578-7969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaole Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7578-7969","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100434437","display_name":"Yudong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4870-1493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Dong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4870-1493","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2708,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":75,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96660694,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"5","first_page":"3956","last_page":"3966"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speckle-pattern","display_name":"Speckle pattern","score":0.8573826551437378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speckle-noise","display_name":"Speckle noise","score":0.7649648189544678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.7556105852127075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7176792025566101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7166123390197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5516465902328491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.518435001373291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.45760464668273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4562772810459137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shearlet","display_name":"Shearlet","score":0.4533689022064209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.41820353269577026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.414511114358902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.38964882493019104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102290492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575045","display_name":"Speckle pattern","level":2,"score":0.8573826551437378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180940675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575045","display_name":"Speckle noise","level":3,"score":0.7649648189544678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.7556105852127075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7176792025566101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7166123390197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5516465902328491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.518435001373291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.45760464668273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4562772810459137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67795661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17018993","display_name":"Shearlet","level":3,"score":0.4533689022064209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41820353269577026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.414511114358902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.38964882493019104}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2020.3014130","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3014130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2416445094","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014-303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3651748204","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61701310","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4099541874","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u975e\u5c40\u90e8\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u548c\u4e09\u7ef4\u5757\u5339\u914d\u7684\u526a\u5207\u6ce2\u57df\u56fe\u50cf\u878d\u5408\u7b97\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61572063","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G426501771","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61401308","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4440082779","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F2016201187","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5475375730","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F2020201025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6391550838","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F2018210148","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1522590968","https://openalex.org/W1821428889","https://openalex.org/W1906770428","https://openalex.org/W1965615696","https://openalex.org/W2002788744","https://openalex.org/W2004376198","https://openalex.org/W2022187989","https://openalex.org/W2048695508","https://openalex.org/W2054656164","https://openalex.org/W2063650998","https://openalex.org/W2063865977","https://openalex.org/W2079071390","https://openalex.org/W2106783469","https://openalex.org/W2123806610","https://openalex.org/W2127151921","https://openalex.org/W2133954466","https://openalex.org/W2144851790","https://openalex.org/W2151221869","https://openalex.org/W2157827154","https://openalex.org/W2164911019","https://openalex.org/W2309841748","https://openalex.org/W2588852908","https://openalex.org/W2604403460","https://openalex.org/W2605856982","https://openalex.org/W2613155248","https://openalex.org/W2621042270","https://openalex.org/W2737415107","https://openalex.org/W2757678917","https://openalex.org/W2764207251","https://openalex.org/W2782411500","https://openalex.org/W2791730293","https://openalex.org/W2792151357","https://openalex.org/W2883669186","https://openalex.org/W2892986862","https://openalex.org/W2899928528","https://openalex.org/W2905160918","https://openalex.org/W2913309219","https://openalex.org/W2929378800","https://openalex.org/W2936355499","https://openalex.org/W2959574828","https://openalex.org/W2961287872","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2973467165","https://openalex.org/W2977255302","https://openalex.org/W2982704126","https://openalex.org/W2983079467","https://openalex.org/W2989900256","https://openalex.org/W2996691421","https://openalex.org/W3104725225","https://openalex.org/W3146676808","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6770044863"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2065648684","https://openalex.org/W2113052720","https://openalex.org/W2799624451","https://openalex.org/W2009383287","https://openalex.org/W2042914788","https://openalex.org/W2182190754","https://openalex.org/W4321264664","https://openalex.org/W2599749138","https://openalex.org/W2055824452","https://openalex.org/W2121688719"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Synthetic":[0],"aperture":[1],"radar":[2],"(SAR)":[3],"images":[4],"often":[5],"interfere":[6],"with":[7,122],"speckle":[8,23,77,138],"artifacts":[9],"that":[10,131],"have":[11],"a":[12,28,34,56,69],"great":[13],"impact":[14],"on":[15],"subsequent":[16],"processing":[17],"and":[18,39,63],"analysis":[19],"operations.":[20],"To":[21],"remove":[22],"artifacts,":[24],"this":[25],"article":[26],"introduces":[27],"hybrid":[29],"denoising":[30],"approach":[31],"by":[32,112],"using":[33,113],"convolutional":[35],"neural":[36],"network":[37],"(CNN)":[38],"consistent":[40],"cycle":[41],"spinning":[42],"(CCS)":[43],"in":[44,79],"the":[45,76,80,94,102,109,118,125,128],"nonsubsample":[46],"shearlet":[47],"transform":[48],"(NSST)":[49],"domain.":[50],"First,":[51],"we":[52,67,89,107],"apply":[53],"NSST":[54,115],"to":[55,60,74,92,117],"noisy":[57],"SAR":[58,104],"image":[59,111],"gain":[61],"low-":[62],"high-frequency":[64,95],"coefficients.":[65,120],"Second,":[66],"adopt":[68],"learned":[70],"deep":[71],"CNN":[72],"model":[73],"eliminate":[75],"noise":[78],"low-frequency":[81],"coefficients,":[82,96],"which":[83,97],"retains":[84],"more":[85,99,144],"contour":[86],"information.":[87],"Third,":[88],"employ":[90],"CCS":[91],"enhance":[93],"preserves":[98],"details":[100],"of":[101,127],"original":[103],"image.":[105],"Finally,":[106],"obtain":[108],"denoised":[110,119],"inverse":[114],"applied":[116],"Compared":[121],"state-of-the-art":[123],"algorithms,":[124],"results":[126],"experiment":[129],"indicate":[130],"our":[132],"method":[133],"not":[134],"only":[135],"achieves":[136],"better":[137],"removal":[139],"performance":[140],"but":[141],"also":[142],"maintains":[143],"detailed":[145],"information":[146],"retention.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}