{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3039356810","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3004331","title":"Clutter Removal in Through-the-Wall Radar Imaging Using Sparse Autoencoder With Low-Rank Projection","display_name":"Clutter Removal in Through-the-Wall Radar Imaging Using Sparse Autoencoder With Low-Rank Projection","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3039356810","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3004331","mag":"3039356810"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2020.3004331","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3004331","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088693326","display_name":"Fok Hing Chi Tivive","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8961-2289"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","display_name":"University of Wollongong","ror":"https://ror.org/00jtmb277","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fok Hing Chi Tivive","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072662577","display_name":"Abdesselam Bouzerdoum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9163-0045"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","display_name":"University of Wollongong","ror":"https://ror.org/00jtmb277","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}],"countries":["AU","QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdesselam Bouzerdoum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar","School of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088693326"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.7785,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98874944,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"2","first_page":"1118","last_page":"1129"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.7809573411941528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.6483811140060425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.644835352897644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6340924501419067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5854432582855225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.519314706325531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.44263461232185364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.4396120309829712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3380734920501709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.2128249704837799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1285918951034546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.7809573411941528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.6483811140060425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.644835352897644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6340924501419067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5854432582855225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.519314706325531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.44263461232185364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.4396120309829712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3380734920501709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2128249704837799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1285918951034546}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2020.3004331","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3004331","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ro.uow.edu.au:test2021-1554","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ro.uow.edu.au/test2021/545","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400510","display_name":"Research Online (University of Wollongong)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","host_organization_name":"University of Wollongong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Test Series for Scopus Harvesting 2021","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/27813732","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/27813732","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W640945449","https://openalex.org/W883639757","https://openalex.org/W1629641951","https://openalex.org/W1736339626","https://openalex.org/W1798702550","https://openalex.org/W1809990924","https://openalex.org/W1967589385","https://openalex.org/W1972149108","https://openalex.org/W1994426673","https://openalex.org/W1996965250","https://openalex.org/W2014524148","https://openalex.org/W2023403064","https://openalex.org/W2041210472","https://openalex.org/W2076363162","https://openalex.org/W2076940249","https://openalex.org/W2077406964","https://openalex.org/W2088748973","https://openalex.org/W2093505553","https://openalex.org/W2103972604","https://openalex.org/W2109828957","https://openalex.org/W2131241448","https://openalex.org/W2150383969","https://openalex.org/W2150619001","https://openalex.org/W2157770256","https://openalex.org/W2321086338","https://openalex.org/W2323377870","https://openalex.org/W2395285288","https://openalex.org/W2424966450","https://openalex.org/W2557729753","https://openalex.org/W2598232788","https://openalex.org/W2756637919","https://openalex.org/W2776310520","https://openalex.org/W2802152445","https://openalex.org/W2808077846","https://openalex.org/W2887773909","https://openalex.org/W2893630558","https://openalex.org/W2899913359","https://openalex.org/W2900550123","https://openalex.org/W2950277768","https://openalex.org/W2960914750","https://openalex.org/W2997127276","https://openalex.org/W3010892632","https://openalex.org/W6638209102","https://openalex.org/W6653986990","https://openalex.org/W6678911119","https://openalex.org/W6772547223","https://openalex.org/W6929385289"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2388326001","https://openalex.org/W3011102797","https://openalex.org/W2351401443","https://openalex.org/W2115015615","https://openalex.org/W4320921117","https://openalex.org/W1968850503","https://openalex.org/W1649651896","https://openalex.org/W2116961228","https://openalex.org/W1952514008","https://openalex.org/W3173283069"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Through-the-wall":[0],"radar":[1,127],"imaging":[2],"is":[3,62,81],"a":[4,59,78,125],"sensing":[5],"technology":[6],"that":[7,141],"can":[8],"be":[9],"used":[10],"by":[11,24,101],"first":[12],"responders":[13],"to":[14,30,64,83,130],"see":[15],"through":[16],"obscure":[17],"barriers":[18],"during":[19,34],"search-and-rescue":[20],"missions":[21],"or":[22],"deployed":[23],"law":[25],"enforcement":[26],"and":[27,45,71,88,109],"military":[28],"personnel":[29],"maintain":[31],"situational":[32],"awareness":[33],"tactical":[35],"operations.":[36],"However,":[37],"the":[38,42,49,66,69,85,90,96,110,116,142,150],"strong":[39],"reflections":[40],"from":[41,124],"front":[43],"wall":[44,70,86,135],"other":[46],"obstacles":[47],"render":[48],"detection":[50],"of":[51,68,95],"stationary":[52],"targets":[53],"very":[54],"difficult.":[55],"In":[56],"this":[57],"article,":[58],"learning-based":[60],"approach":[61],"proposed":[63,97,143],"mitigate":[65,84],"effect":[67],"background":[72],"clutter.":[73],"A":[74],"sparse":[75],"autoencoder":[76,98],"with":[77,149],"low-rank":[79],"projection":[80],"developed":[82],"clutter":[87,136],"recover":[89],"target":[91],"signal.":[92],"The":[93,138],"weights":[94],"are":[99,113],"determined":[100],"solving":[102],"an":[103],"augmented":[104],"Lagrange":[105],"multiplier":[106],"optimization":[107,118],"problem,":[108],"regularization":[111],"parameters":[112],"estimated":[114],"using":[115,121],"Bayesian":[117],"technique.":[119],"Experiments":[120],"real":[122],"data":[123],"stepped-frequency":[126],"were":[128],"conducted":[129],"illustrate":[131],"its":[132],"effectiveness":[133],"for":[134],"removal.":[137],"results":[139],"show":[140],"method":[144],"achieves":[145],"superior":[146],"performance":[147],"compared":[148],"existing":[151],"approaches.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}