{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3040246166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3004006","title":"High-Resolution Radar Imaging in Low SNR Environments Based on Expectation Propagation","display_name":"High-Resolution Radar Imaging in Low SNR Environments Based on Expectation Propagation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3040246166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3004006","mag":"3040246166"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2020.3004006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3004006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076901636","display_name":"Xueru Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9283-1810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueru Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing Xidian University Xi\u2019an China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9283-1810","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing Xidian University Xi\u2019an China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400458","display_name":"Ge Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2656-7705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ge Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing Xidian University Xi\u2019an China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing Xidian University Xi\u2019an China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100390251","display_name":"Siqi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2869-2495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siqi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing Xidian University Xi\u2019an China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing Xidian University Xi\u2019an China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080509511","display_name":"Feng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1514-7393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Countermeasure and Simulation Technology of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","[Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Countermeasure and Simulation Technology of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an, China]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1514-7393","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Countermeasure and Simulation Technology of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Key Laboratory of Electronic Information Countermeasure and Simulation Technology of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi'an, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":30.2832,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99223099,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"2","first_page":"1275","last_page":"1284"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6693236827850342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.6221500039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6109268665313721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-inference","display_name":"Bayesian inference","score":0.5342943072319031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.5337128639221191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5077370405197144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expectation-propagation","display_name":"Expectation propagation","score":0.4827946424484253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphical-model","display_name":"Graphical model","score":0.4807726740837097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.4678564667701721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.4619813859462738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4597374200820923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.44864046573638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4221416711807251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.36262574791908264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11679339408874512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10154998302459717}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6693236827850342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.6221500039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6109268665313721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160234255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812535","display_name":"Bayesian inference","level":3,"score":0.5342943072319031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.5337128639221191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5077370405197144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779363554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5420835","display_name":"Expectation propagation","level":4,"score":0.4827946424484253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155846161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143367","display_name":"Graphical model","level":2,"score":0.4807726740837097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.4678564667701721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.4619813859462738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4597374200820923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.44864046573638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4221416711807251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.36262574791908264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11679339408874512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10154998302459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61326573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496376","display_name":"Gaussian process","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2020.3004006","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3004006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2630173159","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u7a00\u758f\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u590d\u6742\u73af\u5883\u7a7a\u95f4\u76ee\u6807\u9ad8\u5206\u8fa8ISAR\u6210\u50cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61971332","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7996373070","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61631019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1479668926","https://openalex.org/W1515272691","https://openalex.org/W1527747735","https://openalex.org/W1663973292","https://openalex.org/W1964699659","https://openalex.org/W1998931161","https://openalex.org/W2000721204","https://openalex.org/W2013352441","https://openalex.org/W2019737373","https://openalex.org/W2046690972","https://openalex.org/W2047002226","https://openalex.org/W2047499058","https://openalex.org/W2063146632","https://openalex.org/W2063870433","https://openalex.org/W2071284784","https://openalex.org/W2082476922","https://openalex.org/W2097973875","https://openalex.org/W2101800734","https://openalex.org/W2110965352","https://openalex.org/W2116148865","https://openalex.org/W2128659236","https://openalex.org/W2132042151","https://openalex.org/W2143070649","https://openalex.org/W2144759647","https://openalex.org/W2152176246","https://openalex.org/W2155676512","https://openalex.org/W2278462206","https://openalex.org/W2323822180","https://openalex.org/W2477442921","https://openalex.org/W2512433570","https://openalex.org/W2547878593","https://openalex.org/W2750771630","https://openalex.org/W2792902578","https://openalex.org/W2794383492","https://openalex.org/W2801349651","https://openalex.org/W2915414989","https://openalex.org/W2968547877","https://openalex.org/W4212863985","https://openalex.org/W6630732035","https://openalex.org/W6681380847"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2109986081","https://openalex.org/W2417308975","https://openalex.org/W2952920919","https://openalex.org/W2097107341","https://openalex.org/W1520194733","https://openalex.org/W117608180","https://openalex.org/W1453188063","https://openalex.org/W1510924656","https://openalex.org/W4286382505","https://openalex.org/W2140131309"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"address":[1],"the":[2,21,29,34,40,60,66,72],"problem":[3],"of":[4,36],"high-resolution":[5],"radar":[6],"imaging":[7,62],"in":[8,14,79,85,89],"low":[9,92],"signal-to-noise":[10],"ratio":[11],"(SNR)":[12],"environments":[13],"an":[15],"approximate":[16],"Bayesian":[17,70],"inference":[18],"framework.":[19],"First,":[20],"probabilistic":[22],"graphical":[23],"model":[24,41],"is":[25],"constructed":[26],"by":[27,49],"imposing":[28],"sparsity-promoting":[30],"spike-and-slab":[31],"prior":[32],"to":[33],"distribution":[35],"scattering":[37],"centers.":[38],"Then,":[39],"parameters":[42],"and":[43,53,69,82,91],"phase":[44],"errors":[45],"are":[46],"estimated":[47],"iteratively":[48],"expectation":[50],"propagation":[51],"(EP)":[52],"maximum":[54],"likelihood":[55],"(ML)":[56],"estimation.":[57],"Compared":[58],"with":[59],"available":[61],"methods":[63],"based":[64],"on":[65],"numerical":[67],"optimization":[68],"inference,":[71],"proposed":[73],"method":[74],"has":[75],"exhibited":[76],"more":[77],"flexibility":[78],"data":[80],"representation":[81],"better":[83],"performance":[84],"parameter":[86],"estimation,":[87],"particularly":[88],"sparse-aperture":[90],"SNR":[93],"scenarios.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
