{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3036496609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3000230","title":"Average Brightness Temperature of Lunar Surface for Calibration of Multichannel Millimeter-Wave Radiometer From 89 to 183 GHz and Data Validation","display_name":"Average Brightness Temperature of Lunar Surface for Calibration of Multichannel Millimeter-Wave Radiometer From 89 to 183 GHz and Data Validation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3036496609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3000230","mag":"3036496609"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2020.3000230","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3000230","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064060665","display_name":"Niutao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2015-7406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Niutao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015791511","display_name":"Ya\u2010Qiu Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6666-9151"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24943067","display_name":"Fudan University","ror":"https://ror.org/013q1eq08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ya-Qiu Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064060665"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24943067"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.232,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78620748,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"2","first_page":"1345","last_page":"1354"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10406","display_name":"Planetary Science and Exploration","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10406","display_name":"Planetary Science and Exploration","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13200","display_name":"Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12019","display_name":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6532027125358582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometer","display_name":"Radiometer","score":0.5979286432266235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.5942220091819763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness-temperature","display_name":"Brightness temperature","score":0.5487608909606934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.47800886631011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometry","display_name":"Radiometry","score":0.4506537914276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-limb-sounder","display_name":"Microwave Limb Sounder","score":0.42230314016342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.42010512948036194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4153825640678406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness","display_name":"Brightness","score":0.3621795177459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.33805471658706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3258420526981354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.30354708433151245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.23694342374801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-vapor","display_name":"Water vapor","score":0.09904533624649048}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6532027125358582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120189094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850281","display_name":"Radiometer","level":2,"score":0.5979286432266235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.5942220091819763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53802167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4538627","display_name":"Brightness temperature","level":3,"score":0.5487608909606934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.47800886631011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87456703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q247760","display_name":"Radiometry","level":2,"score":0.4506537914276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776025126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3857039","display_name":"Microwave Limb Sounder","level":3,"score":0.42230314016342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.42010512948036194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4153825640678406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125245961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221656","display_name":"Brightness","level":2,"score":0.3621795177459717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.33805471658706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3258420526981354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.30354708433151245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.23694342374801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147534773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190120","display_name":"Water vapor","level":2,"score":0.09904533624649048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2020.3000230","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.3000230","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W564216554","https://openalex.org/W1501322963","https://openalex.org/W1628186828","https://openalex.org/W1965937155","https://openalex.org/W1994870708","https://openalex.org/W1996701621","https://openalex.org/W2003283281","https://openalex.org/W2005329325","https://openalex.org/W2020361694","https://openalex.org/W2040545066","https://openalex.org/W2054430201","https://openalex.org/W2061490875","https://openalex.org/W2064360132","https://openalex.org/W2074102257","https://openalex.org/W2111334510","https://openalex.org/W2126353612","https://openalex.org/W2128387312","https://openalex.org/W2265988766","https://openalex.org/W2795796693","https://openalex.org/W2809892941","https://openalex.org/W2904074308","https://openalex.org/W2947093131","https://openalex.org/W2991009913","https://openalex.org/W2998851091","https://openalex.org/W3098166909","https://openalex.org/W3123699241","https://openalex.org/W6785516674"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2063863367","https://openalex.org/W4286279395","https://openalex.org/W4251278052","https://openalex.org/W2340112247","https://openalex.org/W1983414154","https://openalex.org/W751870123","https://openalex.org/W2140822038","https://openalex.org/W1978078116","https://openalex.org/W2005230581","https://openalex.org/W1699406428"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Calibration":[0],"of":[1,18,23,48,58,64,77,87,96,108,131,140,179,195,223,237,260,305,316,321],"satellite-borne":[2],"radiometer":[3],"is":[4,100,217,229,244,252,284,311,330],"a":[5,41,106,261,357],"key":[6],"issue":[7],"for":[8,44,67,359],"quantitative":[9],"remote":[10],"sensing.":[11],"Its":[12],"accuracy":[13],"depends":[14],"on":[15],"the":[16,19,29,35,54,59,65,68,84,93,97,123,128,132,137,141,156,166,170,174,185,199,213,220,224,232,238,250,270,302,322,327,338,345],"stability":[17],"calibration":[20,361],"source.":[21],"Because":[22],"no":[24],"atmosphere":[25],"and":[26,38,73,114,169,176,209,278,294,326,341,353,362],"biological":[27],"activity,":[28],"Moon":[30,66,98,225,251,339],"surface":[31,99],"keeps":[32],"stable":[33],"in":[34,112,144,226,246],"long":[36],"term":[37],"may":[39],"be":[40,190,348],"good":[42],"candidate":[43],"thermal":[45],"calibration.":[46],"Observation":[47],"microwave":[49,160,175],"humidity":[50],"sounder":[51],"(MHS)":[52],"onboard":[53],"NOAA-18":[55,78],"made":[56],"measurements":[57],"disk-integrated":[60,191,221],"brightness":[61],"temperature":[62,138],"(TB)":[63],"phase":[69,200,299],"angle":[70],"between":[71],"-800":[72],"500.":[74],"The":[75,150,281,319],"measurement":[76],"has":[79],"been":[80],"studied":[81],"to":[82,231,336],"validate":[83],"TB":[85,161,188,207,222,273,283,290,304,340,360],"model":[86,352],"lunar":[88],"surface.":[89],"In":[90],"this":[91],"article,":[92],"near":[94],"side":[95],"divided":[101],"into":[102],"900":[103,146,193],"subregions":[104,147,197],"with":[105,122,269,287],"span":[107],"60":[109,111],"x":[110],"longitude":[113],"latitude.":[115],"By":[116],"solving":[117],"1-D":[118],"heat":[119],"conductive":[120],"equation":[121],"thermophysical":[124],"parameters":[125],"validated":[126],"by":[127],"Diviner":[129],"data":[130,162,274,291,307],"Lunar":[133],"Reconnaissance":[134],"Orbiter":[135],"(LRO),":[136],"profiles":[139],"regolith":[142],"media":[143],"all":[145,196],"are":[148,153,182,267],"obtained.":[149],"loss":[151,323],"tangents":[152],"inversed":[154],"from":[155,192],"Chang'e-2":[157],"(CE-2)":[158],"37-GHz":[159],"at":[163,234,275,292,297,308],"noontime.":[164],"Employing":[165],"fluctuation-dissipation":[167],"theorem":[168],"Wentzel-Kramer-Brillouin":[171],"(WKB)":[172],"approach,":[173],"millimeter-wave":[177],"TBs":[178,194,266],"each":[180],"subregion":[181],"simulated.":[183],"Then,":[184],"weighted":[186],"average":[187],"can":[189],"versus":[198],"angle.":[201],"These":[202],"simulations":[203],"well":[204,285,349],"demonstrate":[205],"diurnal":[206],"variation":[208],"its":[210],"dependence":[211],"upon":[212],"frequency":[214],"channels.":[215],"It":[216],"found":[218],"that":[219,315],"MHS":[227,272,289,306],"channels":[228],"sensitive":[230],"full-width":[233],"half-maximum":[235],"(FWHM)":[236],"deep":[239],"space":[240],"view":[241],"(DSV),":[242],"which":[243],"corrected":[245,271],"our":[247],"simulation,":[248],"where":[249],"now":[253],"taken":[254],"as":[255],"an":[256],"extended":[257],"target,":[258],"instead":[259],"point-like":[262],"object.":[263],"Simulated":[264],"integrated":[265],"compared":[268],"89,":[276],"157,":[277],"183":[279,295],"GHz.":[280,318],"simulated":[282],"consistent":[286],"these":[288],"89":[293,317],"GHz":[296,310],"various":[298],"angles.":[300],"But":[301],"maximum":[303],"157":[309],"unusually":[312],"lower":[313],"than":[314],"influence":[320],"tangent,":[324],"emissivity,":[325],"pointing":[328],"error":[329],"analyzed.":[331],"Some":[332],"more":[333],"careful":[334],"design":[335],"observe":[337],"technical":[342],"parameters,":[343],"especially":[344],"FWHM":[346],"should":[347],"determined.":[350],"Our":[351],"numerical":[354],"simulation":[355],"provides":[356],"tool":[358],"validation.":[363]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T08:04:53.788161","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}