{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3010770313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.2978491","title":"Multiple Features and Isolation Forest-Based Fast Anomaly Detector for Hyperspectral Imagery","display_name":"Multiple Features and Isolation Forest-Based Fast Anomaly Detector for Hyperspectral Imagery","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3010770313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.2978491","mag":"3010770313"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2020.2978491","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.2978491","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030351224","display_name":"Rong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9240-6726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for OPTical IMagery Analysis and Learning (OPTIMAL), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Cybersecurity, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Cybersecurity, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","Center for OPTical IMagery Analysis and Learning (OPTIMAL), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for OPTical IMagery Analysis and Learning (OPTIMAL), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cybersecurity, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cybersecurity, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for OPTical IMagery Analysis and Learning (OPTIMAL), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003222421","display_name":"Feiping Nie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0871-6519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feiping Nie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for OPTical IMagery Analysis and Learning (OPTIMAL), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","Center for OPTical IMagery Analysis and Learning (OPTIMAL), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for OPTical IMagery Analysis and Learning (OPTIMAL), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for OPTical IMagery Analysis and Learning (OPTIMAL), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100422377","display_name":"Zhen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8182-2852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for OPTical IMagery Analysis and Learning (OPTIMAL), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","Center for OPTical IMagery Analysis and Learning (OPTIMAL), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for OPTical IMagery Analysis and Learning (OPTIMAL), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for OPTical IMagery Analysis and Learning (OPTIMAL), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035860485","display_name":"Fang He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0445-2568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126638","display_name":"Horological Research Institute of Light Industry","ror":"https://ror.org/031nqzs81","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126638"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi\u2019an Research Institute of Hi-Tech, Xi\u2019an, China","Xi'an Research Institute of Hi-Tech, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi\u2019an Research Institute of Hi-Tech, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126638"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Research Institute of Hi-Tech, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126638"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106943753","display_name":"Xuelong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2924-946X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuelong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for OPTical IMagery Analysis and Learning (OPTIMAL), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","Center for OPTical IMagery Analysis and Learning (OPTIMAL), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for OPTical IMagery Analysis and Learning (OPTIMAL), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for OPTical IMagery Analysis and Learning (OPTIMAL), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030351224"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.9264,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9640847,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"9","first_page":"6664","last_page":"6676"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9825000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9660000205039978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.9730598330497742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.7984510660171509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.7128943204879761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6508938074111938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.6231498122215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6011635065078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5609123110771179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5477029085159302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5238706469535828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.5162156224250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4693905711174011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4152422249317169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.14832988381385803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06978702545166016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.9730598330497742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.7984510660171509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.7128943204879761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6508938074111938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.6231498122215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6011635065078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5609123110771179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5477029085159302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5238706469535828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5162156224250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4693905711174011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4152422249317169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.14832988381385803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06978702545166016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2020.2978491","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.2978491","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1537487564","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772427","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2416935669","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB1403501","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3280333285","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G2019KY0501","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G424279193","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3102019PJ006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G653700208","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61751202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7761990065","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61936014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8252796664","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1803263","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970099214","https://openalex.org/W1995443851","https://openalex.org/W2004491663","https://openalex.org/W2017014096","https://openalex.org/W2019338222","https://openalex.org/W2024288510","https://openalex.org/W2040078680","https://openalex.org/W2047870694","https://openalex.org/W2067897118","https://openalex.org/W2078296814","https://openalex.org/W2083541351","https://openalex.org/W2097381359","https://openalex.org/W2114819256","https://openalex.org/W2121317287","https://openalex.org/W2124463804","https://openalex.org/W2127199143","https://openalex.org/W2142552707","https://openalex.org/W2145962650","https://openalex.org/W2154624311","https://openalex.org/W2158340226","https://openalex.org/W2163129097","https://openalex.org/W2163886442","https://openalex.org/W2163957348","https://openalex.org/W2165447611","https://openalex.org/W2167708128","https://openalex.org/W2288752886","https://openalex.org/W2295576075","https://openalex.org/W2296719434","https://openalex.org/W2424277038","https://openalex.org/W2497075055","https://openalex.org/W2586973374","https://openalex.org/W2590856740","https://openalex.org/W2592141703","https://openalex.org/W2617050030","https://openalex.org/W2640276232","https://openalex.org/W2740976805","https://openalex.org/W2750586932","https://openalex.org/W2760789773","https://openalex.org/W2767039949","https://openalex.org/W2789345570","https://openalex.org/W2789806937","https://openalex.org/W2791928749","https://openalex.org/W2793393808","https://openalex.org/W2796629918","https://openalex.org/W2800662010","https://openalex.org/W2884073548","https://openalex.org/W2886820760","https://openalex.org/W2893965284","https://openalex.org/W2898121906","https://openalex.org/W2900199428","https://openalex.org/W2901425044","https://openalex.org/W2903882147","https://openalex.org/W2911876518","https://openalex.org/W2918996790","https://openalex.org/W2945696115","https://openalex.org/W2953308875","https://openalex.org/W2959891261","https://openalex.org/W2964493519","https://openalex.org/W2972614519"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2806741695","https://openalex.org/W3210364259","https://openalex.org/W4290647774","https://openalex.org/W3189286258","https://openalex.org/W3207797160","https://openalex.org/W2912112202","https://openalex.org/W2667207928","https://openalex.org/W4300558037","https://openalex.org/W4377864969","https://openalex.org/W3030345572"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hyperspectral":[0],"anomaly":[1,27,117],"detection":[2,118,150],"(HAD)":[3],"has":[4],"drawn":[5],"a":[6,24],"significant":[7],"attention":[8],"of":[9,60,89,100,111,140,149],"late":[10],"due":[11],"to":[12,53],"its":[13],"importance":[14],"in":[15,147],"many":[16],"military":[17],"and":[18,33,72,108,152],"civilian":[19],"applications.":[20],"In":[21],"this":[22],"article,":[23],"fast":[25],"hyperspectral":[26,82,133],"detector":[28],"that":[29,46,137],"combines":[30],"multiple":[31,101],"features":[32,77,102],"isolation":[34,54,87],"forest":[35,88],"is":[36,41,92,144],"proposed.":[37],"This":[38,98],"approach,":[39],"which":[40],"based":[42],"on":[43,130],"the":[44,47,56,65,81,86,95,106,112,116,127,138],"assumption":[45],"anomalous":[48],"pixels":[49],"are":[50,78],"more":[51],"susceptible":[52],"than":[55],"background":[57],"pixels,":[58],"consists":[59],"two":[61],"main":[62],"parts.":[63],"First,":[64],"spectral,":[66],"Gabor,":[67],"extended":[68,73],"morphological":[69],"profile":[70,75],"(EMP)":[71],"multiattribute":[74],"(EMAP)":[76],"extracted":[79],"from":[80],"image":[83],"(HSI).":[84],"Next,":[85],"each":[90],"feature":[91],"constructed":[93],"using":[94],"subsampling":[96],"strategy.":[97],"combination":[99],"can":[103],"exploit":[104],"both":[105],"spectral":[107],"spatial":[109],"information":[110],"HSI,":[113],"thereby":[114],"improving":[115],"performance":[119,139],"significantly.":[120],"Compared":[121],"with":[122],"eight":[123],"state-of-the-art":[124],"HAD":[125],"methods,":[126],"experimental":[128],"results":[129],"four":[131],"real":[132],"data":[134],"sets":[135],"demonstrate":[136],"our":[141],"proposed":[142],"approach":[143],"quite":[145],"competitive":[146],"terms":[148],"accuracy":[151],"running":[153],"time.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-01T17:29:45.350535","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
