{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3012419349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.2978439","title":"Weather Radar and Rain-Gauge Data Fusion for Quantitative Precipitation Estimation: Two Case Studies","display_name":"Weather Radar and Rain-Gauge Data Fusion for Quantitative Precipitation Estimation: Two Case Studies","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3012419349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.2978439","mag":"3012419349"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2020.2978439","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.2978439","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076863470","display_name":"Fabrizio Cuccoli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0041-0694"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099310","display_name":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni","ror":"https://ror.org/0182a5n39","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabrizio Cuccoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radar and Surveillance Systems (RaSS) Laboratory, Interuniversity National Consortium for Telecommunications (CNIT), Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0041-0694","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radar and Surveillance Systems (RaSS) Laboratory, Interuniversity National Consortium for Telecommunications (CNIT), Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064912614","display_name":"Luca Facheris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4976-0073"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Facheris","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florence, Florence, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4976-0073","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florence, Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088089479","display_name":"Andrea Antonini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2013-1521"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Antonini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Modeling and Monitoring Laboratory for Sustainable Development (Consorzio LaMMA), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2013-1521","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Modeling and Monitoring Laboratory for Sustainable Development (Consorzio LaMMA), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016981666","display_name":"Samantha Melani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8672-4736"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samantha Melani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consorzio LaMMA, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy","Institute for the BioEconomy, National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8672-4736","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consorzio LaMMA, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for the BioEconomy, National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101613169","display_name":"Luca Baldini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5217-1205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096500","display_name":"Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate","ror":"https://ror.org/00n8ttd98","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096500","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Baldini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5217-1205","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096500","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1746,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77077046,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"9","first_page":"6639","last_page":"6649"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6729280948638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rain-gauge","display_name":"Rain gauge","score":0.6596681475639343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6557361483573914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weather-radar","display_name":"Weather radar","score":0.6496515274047852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flash-flood","display_name":"Flash flood","score":0.6381105780601501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-precipitation-estimation","display_name":"Quantitative precipitation estimation","score":0.5937091112136841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.5901659727096558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flood-myth","display_name":"Flood myth","score":0.5691006779670715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.5459595322608948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/warning-system","display_name":"Warning system","score":0.4274912476539612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-precipitation-forecast","display_name":"Quantitative precipitation forecast","score":0.4176332950592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.41233187913894653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38781827688217163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3794724941253662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.15790089964866638}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6729280948638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120961793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190052","display_name":"Rain gauge","level":3,"score":0.6596681475639343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6557361483573914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92237259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863343","display_name":"Weather radar","level":3,"score":0.6496515274047852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120417685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860333","display_name":"Flash flood","level":3,"score":0.6381105780601501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75398719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268938","display_name":"Quantitative precipitation estimation","level":3,"score":0.5937091112136841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.5901659727096558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74256435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134052","display_name":"Flood myth","level":2,"score":0.5691006779670715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.5459595322608948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29825287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427940","display_name":"Warning system","level":2,"score":0.4274912476539612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140178040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18402512","display_name":"Quantitative precipitation forecast","level":3,"score":0.4176332950592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.41233187913894653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38781827688217163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3794724941253662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.15790089964866638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2020.2978439","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.2978439","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:flore.unifi.it:2158/1190023","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1190023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402033","display_name":"Florence Research (University of Florence)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","host_organization_name":"University of Florence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W826107099","https://openalex.org/W1522265489","https://openalex.org/W1964347807","https://openalex.org/W1975627497","https://openalex.org/W1981480030","https://openalex.org/W1998094323","https://openalex.org/W2007475959","https://openalex.org/W2025274119","https://openalex.org/W2037625744","https://openalex.org/W2056439781","https://openalex.org/W2061889080","https://openalex.org/W2080700874","https://openalex.org/W2083540062","https://openalex.org/W2083662853","https://openalex.org/W2087883388","https://openalex.org/W2109716677","https://openalex.org/W2114072650","https://openalex.org/W2119869389","https://openalex.org/W2129032690","https://openalex.org/W2135496849","https://openalex.org/W2139873467","https://openalex.org/W2149763719","https://openalex.org/W2164025780","https://openalex.org/W2317134229","https://openalex.org/W2580618829","https://openalex.org/W2748580930","https://openalex.org/W2765704684","https://openalex.org/W2801611475","https://openalex.org/W2886349084","https://openalex.org/W2891615880","https://openalex.org/W2901845943","https://openalex.org/W2954601359","https://openalex.org/W4230565173"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3136142721","https://openalex.org/W2016809388","https://openalex.org/W2056438096","https://openalex.org/W2357280943","https://openalex.org/W2222638777","https://openalex.org/W4380682281","https://openalex.org/W2392614995","https://openalex.org/W1544415619","https://openalex.org/W188653796","https://openalex.org/W2087322913"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"severe":[3,33,85,191],"weather":[4,86,114,137,192],"phenomena":[5,22],"have":[6],"occurred":[7,73],"with":[8],"increasing":[9],"frequency":[10],"throughout":[11],"the":[12,17,21,45,53,56,75,107,120,173,177,180,184,196,199],"Mediterranean":[13],"area.":[14],"Because":[15],"of":[16,20,24,32,101,119,126,176,179,198,207],"extreme":[18],"intensity":[19,122],"and":[23,38,48,116,204],"their":[25,68],"small":[26],"spatio-temporal":[27],"scales,":[28],"an":[29,167],"early":[30],"warning":[31],"rainfall":[34,65,103,121,145,216],"through":[35],"a":[36,94,130],"timely":[37],"accurate":[39,144],"estimation":[40,100],"is":[41,139,159,164],"crucial":[42],"for":[43,49,142,149],"reducing":[44],"hydrological":[46],"risk":[47,210],"disaster":[50],"mitigation.":[51],"On":[52],"other":[54],"hand,":[55],"rain-gauge":[57,117],"networks":[58],"are":[59],"often":[60],"not":[61,140],"able":[62],"to":[63,67,151,183,189,201,214],"detect":[64],"due":[66],"limited":[69],"sampling":[70],"capability,":[71],"as":[72,132,147,211,213],"in":[74,80,218],"two":[76,190],"case":[77,90,193],"studies":[78,194],"presented":[79],"this":[81],"work,":[82],"characterized":[83],"by":[84,112,135],"conditions.":[87],"For":[88],"both":[89],"studies,":[91],"we":[92],"utilized":[93,163],"data-fusion":[95,169],"procedure":[96,162],"aimed":[97],"at":[98],"real-time":[99],"cumulative":[102],"fields,":[104],"based":[105,165],"on":[106,166,172],"reflectivity":[108],"factor":[109],"Z":[110],"provided":[111],"ground":[113],"radar":[115],"estimates":[118,217],"R.":[123],"The":[124,161],"use":[125],"Z-R":[127,181],"relationships":[128],"determined":[129],"priori,":[131],"typically":[133],"done":[134],"operational":[136],"services,":[138],"appropriate":[141],"obtaining":[143],"estimates,":[146],"needed,":[148],"instance,":[150],"forecast":[152],"flash":[153],"flood":[154],"events.":[155],"Consequently,":[156],"additional":[157],"information":[158],"needed.":[160],"adaptive":[168],"technique,":[170],"relying":[171],"dynamic":[174],"adjustment":[175],"coefficients":[178],"relationship":[182],"observed":[185],"phenomenon.":[186],"Its":[187],"application":[188],"demonstrated":[195],"capability":[197],"methodology":[200],"correctly":[202],"identify":[203],"monitor":[205],"areas":[206],"high":[208],"potential":[209],"well":[212],"provide":[215],"such":[219],"areas.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}