{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3007414933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.2971465","title":"Additional Microwave Radiation From Experimentally Loaded Granite Covered With Sand Layers: Features and Mechanisms","display_name":"Additional Microwave Radiation From Experimentally Loaded Granite Covered With Sand Layers: Features and Mechanisms","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3007414933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.2971465","mag":"3007414933"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2020.2971465","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.2971465","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054722054","display_name":"Wenfei Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8536-9007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenfei Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090637514","display_name":"Lixin Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5860-3371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lixin Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geoscience and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geoscience and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031500726","display_name":"Shanjun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4336-9188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanjun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032365167","display_name":"Xiang Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9675-1906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058811596","display_name":"Jianwei Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0207-8800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianwei Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102641220","display_name":"Zhongyin Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongyin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044246378","display_name":"Yuan Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7935-5397"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geoscience and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geoscience and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054722054"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0479,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94015929,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"7","first_page":"5008","last_page":"5022"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12424","display_name":"Earthquake Detection and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12424","display_name":"Earthquake Detection and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11757","display_name":"Seismic Waves and Analysis","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness-temperature","display_name":"Brightness temperature","score":0.6845728158950806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometer","display_name":"Radiometer","score":0.623219907283783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.6039377450942993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overburden","display_name":"Overburden","score":0.589776337146759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.5845090746879578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-transfer","display_name":"Radiative transfer","score":0.5426942706108093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-radiative-transfer-codes","display_name":"Atmospheric radiative transfer codes","score":0.5083231329917908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tectonics","display_name":"Tectonics","score":0.45140397548675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4340794086456299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithosphere","display_name":"Lithosphere","score":0.42122793197631836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geophysics","display_name":"Geophysics","score":0.35514628887176514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.20214277505874634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.16717031598091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.08349430561065674}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53802167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4538627","display_name":"Brightness temperature","level":3,"score":0.6845728158950806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120189094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850281","display_name":"Radiometer","level":2,"score":0.623219907283783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.6039377450942993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777201227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331224","display_name":"Overburden","level":2,"score":0.589776337146759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5845090746879578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.5426942706108093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199390426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2353151","display_name":"Atmospheric radiative transfer codes","level":3,"score":0.5083231329917908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77928131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193343","display_name":"Tectonics","level":2,"score":0.45140397548675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4340794086456299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16942324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83296","display_name":"Lithosphere","level":3,"score":0.42122793197631836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.35514628887176514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.20214277505874634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.16717031598091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.08349430561065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2020.2971465","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.2971465","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4424396422","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFC15035","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4683039520","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41930108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7508108190","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"506030101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321514","funder_display_name":"Central South University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321514","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W641640653","https://openalex.org/W1508997481","https://openalex.org/W1532455039","https://openalex.org/W1532691246","https://openalex.org/W1568528455","https://openalex.org/W1924787522","https://openalex.org/W1968392251","https://openalex.org/W1977524366","https://openalex.org/W1979529205","https://openalex.org/W1982446267","https://openalex.org/W1982456164","https://openalex.org/W1984426252","https://openalex.org/W1992181009","https://openalex.org/W1992407372","https://openalex.org/W1996277247","https://openalex.org/W1998029896","https://openalex.org/W1999149910","https://openalex.org/W2011427891","https://openalex.org/W2017608626","https://openalex.org/W2019314133","https://openalex.org/W2038798540","https://openalex.org/W2043664314","https://openalex.org/W2062895140","https://openalex.org/W2063520292","https://openalex.org/W2068963703","https://openalex.org/W2073562850","https://openalex.org/W2080369974","https://openalex.org/W2081261306","https://openalex.org/W2081401131","https://openalex.org/W2082153038","https://openalex.org/W2084375847","https://openalex.org/W2123352929","https://openalex.org/W2140137824","https://openalex.org/W2150839056","https://openalex.org/W2171226729","https://openalex.org/W2243553836","https://openalex.org/W2383085747","https://openalex.org/W2411275094","https://openalex.org/W2606713883","https://openalex.org/W2811050739","https://openalex.org/W2963339717","https://openalex.org/W2982593247","https://openalex.org/W4245955076","https://openalex.org/W4251887136","https://openalex.org/W4302590806","https://openalex.org/W4385471432","https://openalex.org/W6634144362","https://openalex.org/W6736611309"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013166096","https://openalex.org/W3001238613","https://openalex.org/W2367597071","https://openalex.org/W2112864752","https://openalex.org/W2138916688","https://openalex.org/W2131937209","https://openalex.org/W2001550323","https://openalex.org/W2176577086","https://openalex.org/W2339696128","https://openalex.org/W1973743037"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,105,162],"additional":[1,117],"microwave":[2,36,68,76,202],"radiation":[3,37,118],"from":[4,169],"underground":[5],"rock":[6,81,91],"mass":[7],"(lithosphere)":[8],"that":[9,109,208,227],"is":[10,59,168,185,219],"caused":[11],"by":[12,45,123,200],"tectonic":[13,233],"activity":[14],"and":[15,54,56,97,139,156,174,235,249],"alternating":[16],"crustal":[17],"stress":[18],"has":[19],"been":[20,229],"shown":[21],"to":[22,70,120,147,187,204,232,246],"be":[23,43,121,205],"a":[24,66],"detectable":[25],"electromagnetic":[26],"signal":[27],"via":[28],"satellite":[29],"remote":[30],"sensing.":[31],"However,":[32],"the":[33,40,72,75,84,90,93,110,124,135,140,149,152,171,179,182,189,197,201,223,238,241],"emission":[34],"of":[35,80,86,132,151,154,164,181,193,240,244],"produced":[38],"inside":[39,170],"lithosphere":[41],"will":[42],"affected":[44],"its":[46],"overburden":[47],"matter,":[48],"such":[49],"as":[50],"sand,":[51,194],"soil,":[52],"water,":[53],"vegetation,":[55],"this":[57,62],"effect":[58,153],"unknown.":[60],"In":[61],"article,":[63],"we":[64],"use":[65],"C-band":[67],"radiometer":[69,203],"detect":[71],"variations":[73],"in":[74,83,211],"brightness":[77],"temperature":[78],"(TB)":[79],"samples":[82],"process":[85],"axial":[87],"loading.":[88],"For":[89],"samples,":[92],"surface":[94,180],"was":[95],"bare":[96],"covered":[98],"with":[99,213],"dry":[100,111,155],"sand":[101,112,128,158,183],"or":[102],"humid":[103,127,157],"sand.":[104],"experimental":[106],"detection":[107],"illustrates":[108],"unexpectedly":[113],"allows":[114],"more":[115],"stress-associated":[116],"(ATB)":[119],"received":[122],"radiometer,":[125],"while":[126],"shows":[129],"significant":[130],"extinction":[131],"ATB.":[133,161],"Both":[134],"radiative":[136,214],"transfer":[137,215],"theory":[138],"stress-activated":[141,165],"positive":[142,166],"hole":[143],"hypothesis":[144],"are":[145],"applied":[146],"interpret":[148],"mechanisms":[150],"layers":[159],"on":[160],"outflow":[163],"holes":[167],"loaded":[172],"rock,":[173],"hence":[175],"their":[176],"accumulation":[177],"beneath":[178],"layer":[184],"expected":[186],"reduce":[188],"local":[190],"dielectric":[191],"permittivity":[192],"thereby":[195],"making":[196],"detected":[198],"ATB":[199,245],"larger":[206],"than":[207],"extrapolated":[209],"theoretically":[210],"accordance":[212],"theory.":[216],"This":[217],"article":[218],"valuable":[220],"for":[221],"understanding":[222],"diverse":[224],"TB":[225],"anomalies":[226],"have":[228],"observed":[230],"prior":[231],"earthquakes,":[234],"it":[236],"facilitates":[237],"evaluation":[239],"potential":[242],"application":[243],"seismic":[247],"monitoring":[248],"earthquake":[250],"prediction.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}