{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3013376993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.2970200","title":"Spectral Observation Theory and Beam Debroadening Algorithm for Atmospheric Radar","display_name":"Spectral Observation Theory and Beam Debroadening Algorithm for Atmospheric Radar","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3013376993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.2970200","mag":"3013376993"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2020.2970200","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.2970200","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/9205700/09047136.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/9205700/09047136.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002410791","display_name":"Koji Nishimura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8824-9844"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36080156","display_name":"National Institute of Polar Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05k6m5t95","country_code":"JP","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I36080156","https://openalex.org/I4210158934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158934","display_name":"Research Organization of Information and Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/04p4e8t29","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I4210158934"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koji Nishimura","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Japan","Research Organization of Information and Systems, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8824-9844","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36080156"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Organization of Information and Systems, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158934"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056937626","display_name":"Masashi Kohma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9875-3032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masashi Kohma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083100425","display_name":"K. Sato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6225-6066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaoru Sato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6225-6066","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101848700","display_name":"Toru Sato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2092-7335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22299242","display_name":"Kyoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kpeqv85","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toru Sato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communications and Computer Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communications and Computer Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0571,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75449457,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"10","first_page":"6767","last_page":"6775"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.7905877828598022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamwidth","display_name":"Beamwidth","score":0.7885292768478394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-horizon","display_name":"Radar horizon","score":0.5421338081359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbulence","display_name":"Turbulence","score":0.5147609710693359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5080404281616211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autocorrelation","display_name":"Autocorrelation","score":0.47805124521255493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.4673263132572174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-doppler-radar","display_name":"Pulse-Doppler radar","score":0.4623846113681793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.42569196224212646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-physics","display_name":"Computational physics","score":0.4171905517578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4017382264137268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.3546709418296814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3432961702346802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3035503327846527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.2797733545303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.273373544216156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2533735930919647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12455117702484131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10655149817466736}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.7905877828598022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190060920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876232","display_name":"Beamwidth","level":3,"score":0.7885292768478394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131493965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279983","display_name":"Radar horizon","level":5,"score":0.5421338081359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.5147609710693359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5080404281616211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5297727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786970","display_name":"Autocorrelation","level":2,"score":0.47805124521255493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.4673263132572174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139931591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029151","display_name":"Pulse-Doppler radar","level":4,"score":0.4623846113681793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.42569196224212646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.4171905517578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4017382264137268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.3546709418296814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3432961702346802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3035503327846527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.2797733545303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.273373544216156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2533735930919647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12455117702484131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10655149817466736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2020.2970200","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.2970200","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/9205700/09047136.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:irdb.nii.ac.jp:01125:0004569942","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nipr.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/16000","pdf_url":"https://nipr.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/16000/files/IEEE%20Transactions%20on%20Geoscience%20and%20Remote%20Sensing,%201-9,%202020.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407056385","display_name":"Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","host_organization_name":"National Institute of Informatics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2020.2970200","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.2970200","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/36/9205700/09047136.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2298652060","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPMJCR1663","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338075","funder_display_name":"Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2521286739","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CREST","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","funder_display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4744939913","display_name":"\u5927\u578b\u5927\u6c17\u30ec\u30fc\u30c0\u30fc\u56fd\u969b\u5171\u540c\u89b3\u6e2c\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3068\u9ad8\u89e3\u50cf\u5927\u6c17\u5927\u5faa\u74b0\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u306e\u878d\u5408\u306b\u3088\u308b\u5927\u6c17\u968e\u5c64\u69cb\u9020\u306e\u89e3\u660e","funder_award_id":"JPMJCR1663","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","funder_display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5900464691","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18H01276","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6718509927","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CREST","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8336077046","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17H02969","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338075","display_name":"Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3013376993.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3013376993.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996657224","https://openalex.org/W2003205648","https://openalex.org/W2005922940","https://openalex.org/W2013970095","https://openalex.org/W2015723966","https://openalex.org/W2054873188","https://openalex.org/W2058622103","https://openalex.org/W2076827487","https://openalex.org/W2085500450","https://openalex.org/W2092501073","https://openalex.org/W2102824990","https://openalex.org/W2150463447","https://openalex.org/W2565849640","https://openalex.org/W2916623847","https://openalex.org/W4252701270"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062401224","https://openalex.org/W1974133228","https://openalex.org/W2008671705","https://openalex.org/W1997912967","https://openalex.org/W2355363298","https://openalex.org/W3006464427","https://openalex.org/W2024889414","https://openalex.org/W2292882608","https://openalex.org/W2076066191","https://openalex.org/W4285819350"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,106],"order":[1],"to":[2,20,41,77,83,150],"measure":[3],"the":[4,22,31,35,46,58,62,65,94,98,111,120,128,136,180,194],"variance":[5,129],"of":[6,34,48,64,97,130,153,179],"wind":[7],"velocity,":[8],"which":[9,123],"is":[10,18,39,67,124,145],"contributed":[11],"from":[12,25,177],"turbulence,":[13,131],"via":[14],"radar":[15,103,162],"observations,":[16],"it":[17],"necessary":[19],"remove":[21],"unwanted":[23],"contribution":[24],"strong":[26],"horizontal":[27],"velocity":[28],"components":[29],"through":[30],"finite":[32],"beamwidth":[33],"radar.":[36],"This":[37],"effect":[38],"referred":[40],"as":[42],"beam":[43,49,66,91,133],"broadening.":[44],"Although":[45],"amount":[47],"broadening":[50],"has":[51,71],"thus":[52],"far":[53],"been":[54],"calculated":[55],"based":[56,171],"on":[57,173],"approximating":[59],"assumption":[60],"that":[61,85,157,189],"pattern":[63,92],"rotationally":[68],"symmetric":[69],"and":[70,135,148,176,193],"very":[72,116],"low":[73],"sidelobes,":[74],"we":[75,109,158,166],"need":[76],"take":[78],"a":[79,89,115,168],"more":[80],"theoretical":[81,112],"approach":[82],"radar-one":[84],"does":[86],"not":[87],"have":[88],"simple":[90,117],"like":[93],"Antarctic":[95,99],"Program":[96],"Syowa":[100],"Station":[101],"(PANSY)":[102],"(69S,":[104],"39E).":[105],"this":[107,174],"article,":[108],"clarify":[110],"relationship":[113],"in":[114],"form":[118],"between":[119],"turbulence":[121],"spectrum,":[122,138],"directly":[125,172],"associated":[126],"with":[127],"two-way":[132],"patterns,":[134],"observed":[137],"using":[139],"autocorrelation":[140],"functions":[141],"(ACFs).":[142],"The":[143],"theory":[144,175,192],"thoroughly":[146],"universal":[147],"applicable":[149],"any":[151],"type":[152],"atmospheric":[154],"radar,":[155],"such":[156],"can":[159],"quantitatively":[160],"analyze":[161],"observation":[163],"systems.":[164],"Furthermore,":[165],"propose":[167],"\u201cdebroadening\u201d":[169],"algorithm":[170],"calculations":[178],"general":[181],"maximum":[182],"likelihood":[183],"(ML).":[184],"We":[185],"performed":[186],"numerical":[187],"simulations":[188],"validate":[190],"our":[191],"algorithm.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
