{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3005491787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.2966865","title":"A Novel Framework Based on Polarimetric Change Vectors for Unsupervised Multiclass Change Detection in Dual-Pol Intensity SAR Images","display_name":"A Novel Framework Based on Polarimetric Change Vectors for Unsupervised Multiclass Change Detection in Dual-Pol Intensity SAR Images","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3005491787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.2966865","mag":"3005491787"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2020.2966865","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.2966865","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083201014","display_name":"Davide Pirrone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9314-0832"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Davide Pirrone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Information and Communication Technology, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy","University of Trento, Trento, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Information and Communication Technology, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087668203","display_name":"Francesca Bovolo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3104-7656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesca Bovolo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Information and Communication Technology, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Information and Communication Technology, Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006095323","display_name":"Lorenzo Bruzzone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6036-459X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorenzo Bruzzone","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Trento, Trento, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083201014"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587","https://openalex.org/I2277624104"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.726,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98264134,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"7","first_page":"4780","last_page":"4795"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/change-detection","display_name":"Change detection","score":0.8473258018493652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarimetry","display_name":"Polarimetry","score":0.7471820116043091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7321375608444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5783597826957703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5545555353164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48967817425727844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.46497249603271484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation","display_name":"Constellation","score":0.43227729201316833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.16857928037643433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.0958414077758789}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203595873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25389927","display_name":"Change detection","level":2,"score":0.8473258018493652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28493345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899381","display_name":"Polarimetry","level":3,"score":0.7471820116043091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7321375608444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5783597826957703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5545555353164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48967817425727844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.46497249603271484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.43227729201316833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.16857928037643433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0958414077758789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2020.2966865","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2020.2966865","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unitn.it:11572/271698","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8982177/authors#authors","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401913","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","host_organization_name":"University of Trento","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1421632428","https://openalex.org/W1597222998","https://openalex.org/W1600455797","https://openalex.org/W1692271416","https://openalex.org/W1963774929","https://openalex.org/W1963994432","https://openalex.org/W1965852574","https://openalex.org/W1966129222","https://openalex.org/W1997005542","https://openalex.org/W1997204484","https://openalex.org/W1998866072","https://openalex.org/W2008265903","https://openalex.org/W2013679288","https://openalex.org/W2015780366","https://openalex.org/W2032234169","https://openalex.org/W2034073840","https://openalex.org/W2035734375","https://openalex.org/W2047554957","https://openalex.org/W2056946495","https://openalex.org/W2080647739","https://openalex.org/W2087828778","https://openalex.org/W2090664287","https://openalex.org/W2098332452","https://openalex.org/W2099821802","https://openalex.org/W2100885700","https://openalex.org/W2102635064","https://openalex.org/W2104374858","https://openalex.org/W2106052468","https://openalex.org/W2109898366","https://openalex.org/W2110519070","https://openalex.org/W2114578114","https://openalex.org/W2118116484","https://openalex.org/W2121348175","https://openalex.org/W2126176832","https://openalex.org/W2126895410","https://openalex.org/W2135228726","https://openalex.org/W2138520632","https://openalex.org/W2141424348","https://openalex.org/W2142434586","https://openalex.org/W2159377629","https://openalex.org/W2163642873","https://openalex.org/W2164149840","https://openalex.org/W2170357701","https://openalex.org/W2170604308","https://openalex.org/W2298024611","https://openalex.org/W2408486484","https://openalex.org/W2470311561","https://openalex.org/W2512490041","https://openalex.org/W2532299353","https://openalex.org/W2547304117","https://openalex.org/W2730829881","https://openalex.org/W6697667275","https://openalex.org/W6729174055"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2801080295","https://openalex.org/W2502457263","https://openalex.org/W2901245944","https://openalex.org/W2026860918","https://openalex.org/W4377967113","https://openalex.org/W2090122371","https://openalex.org/W2153884633","https://openalex.org/W4252699458","https://openalex.org/W2469797871","https://openalex.org/W3205829146"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Change":[0],"detection":[1],"(CD)":[2],"is":[3,104,147],"a":[4,28,40,90,118,245],"crucial":[5],"topic":[6],"in":[7,44,51,99,117,131,161,210,240],"many":[8],"remote":[9],"sensing":[10],"applications.":[11],"In":[12,85],"the":[13,24,36,64,70,94,107,137,141,152,174,188,222,225,229],"recent":[14],"years,":[15],"satellite":[16],"polarimetric":[17,46,71,110],"synthetic":[18],"aperture":[19],"radar":[20],"(PolSAR)":[21],"systems":[22],"(e.g.,":[23],"Sentinel-1":[25],"constellation)":[26],"became":[27],"suitable":[29],"tool":[30],"for":[31,49,81,93,238,252],"multitemporal":[32,97,163,203],"monitoring":[33],"due":[34],"to":[35,127,172,234],"regular":[37],"acquisitions":[38],"with":[39,232],"short":[41],"revisit":[42],"time":[43],"different":[45,208],"channels.":[47],"Methods":[48],"CD":[50,58,239,248],"PolSAR":[52,162,204,253],"data":[53,205,243],"mainly":[54],"focus":[55],"on":[56,106,201],"binary":[57],"(i.e.,":[59],"they":[60],"provide":[61],"information":[62,73],"about":[63],"presence/absence":[65],"of":[66,96,109,133,136,155,177,190,212,216,224],"change":[67,111,156,159,183,185,191,217],"only),":[68],"whereas":[69],"enhanced":[72],"provides":[74],"multiple":[75],"features":[76],"that":[77],"can":[78],"be":[79],"exploited":[80],"performing":[82],"multiclass":[83,129,247],"CD.":[84],"this":[86],"article,":[87],"we":[88],"introduce":[89],"novel":[91],"framework":[92,103],"characterization":[95],"changes":[98,130],"dual-polarimetric":[100],"data.":[101,254],"The":[102,144,219],"based":[105],"definition":[108],"vectors":[112],"(PCVs)":[113],"and":[114,140,157,169,179,187,214,228,244],"their":[115],"representation":[116],"polar":[119],"coordinate":[120],"system.":[121],"PCVs":[122],"allow":[123],"characterizing":[124],"and,":[125],"thus,":[126],"separate":[128],"terms":[132,211],"target":[134],"properties":[135],"single-time":[138],"scenes":[139],"scattering":[142],"theory.":[143],"proposed":[145,226],"model":[146],"used":[148],"to:":[149],"1)":[150],"derive":[151],"statistical":[153],"behaviors":[154],"no":[158,182],"classes":[160,186],"images;":[164],"2)":[165],"design":[166],"an":[167],"automatic":[168],"unsupervised":[170],"strategy":[171],"estimate":[173],"optimal":[175],"number":[176,213],"changes;":[178],"3)":[180],"distinguish":[181],"from":[184,192],"kinds":[189,215],"each":[193],"other.":[194],"An":[195],"experimental":[196],"analysis":[197],"has":[198],"been":[199],"conducted":[200],"three":[202],"sets":[206],"having":[207],"complexities":[209],"classes.":[218],"results":[220],"confirm":[221],"effectiveness":[223],"approach":[227],"better":[230],"performance":[231],"respect":[233],"both":[235],"specific":[236],"techniques":[237],"dual-pol":[241],"SAR":[242],"general":[246],"method,":[249],"not":[250],"designed":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}