{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3001804068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2019.2961684","title":"The Impact of System Noise in Polarimetric SAR Imagery on Oil Spill Observations","display_name":"The Impact of System Noise in Polarimetric SAR Imagery on Oil Spill Observations","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3001804068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2019.2961684","mag":"3001804068"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2019.2961684","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2019.2961684","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10037/18686","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064601521","display_name":"Martine M. Espeseth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0281-2382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78037679","display_name":"UiT The Arctic University of Norway","ror":"https://ror.org/00wge5k78","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78037679"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Martine M. Espeseth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0281-2382","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78037679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046922368","display_name":"Camilla Brekke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6925-3127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78037679","display_name":"UiT The Arctic University of Norway","ror":"https://ror.org/00wge5k78","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78037679"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Camilla Brekke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6925-3127","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78037679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054785425","display_name":"Cathleen E. Jones","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2739-1545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cathleen E. Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2739-1545","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004306850","display_name":"Benjamin Holt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4065-3076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Holt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4065-3076","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069540830","display_name":"A. Freeman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2989-1401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Freeman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2989-1401","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064601521"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78037679"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0009,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72121429,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"6","first_page":"4194","last_page":"4214"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12316","display_name":"Oil Spill Detection and Mitigation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12316","display_name":"Oil Spill Detection and Mitigation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10032","display_name":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11588","display_name":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplicative-noise","display_name":"Multiplicative noise","score":0.8143028020858765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6921886205673218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6263707876205444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racing-slick","display_name":"Racing slick","score":0.6130462884902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5957300662994385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarimetry","display_name":"Polarimetry","score":0.5607548952102661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplicative-function","display_name":"Multiplicative function","score":0.49717357754707336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.49429941177368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3646513819694519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.36048927903175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.32789379358291626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2755342721939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2427181899547577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.227338969707489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16303259134292603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14820203185081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.06498998403549194}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18015164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6935000","display_name":"Multiplicative noise","level":5,"score":0.8143028020858765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6921886205673218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6263707876205444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50251070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1888226","display_name":"Racing slick","level":3,"score":0.6130462884902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5957300662994385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28493345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899381","display_name":"Polarimetry","level":3,"score":0.5607548952102661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42747912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048447","display_name":"Multiplicative function","level":2,"score":0.49717357754707336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.49429941177368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3646513819694519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.36048927903175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.32789379358291626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2755342721939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2427181899547577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.227338969707489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16303259134292603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14820203185081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.06498998403549194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13412647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174948","display_name":"Analog signal","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131021393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512759","display_name":"Signal transfer function","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2019.2961684","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2019.2961684","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/18686","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10037/18686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400067","display_name":"Munin Open Research Archive (The Arctic University of Norway)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I78037679","host_organization_name":"UiT The Arctic University of Norway","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78037679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:munin.uit.no:10037/18686","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10037/18686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400067","display_name":"Munin Open Research Archive (The Arctic University of Norway)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I78037679","host_organization_name":"UiT The Arctic University of Norway","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78037679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6194646602","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"237906","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","funder_display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309398","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","ror":"https://ror.org/00epmv149"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332375","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W147446552","https://openalex.org/W298912384","https://openalex.org/W1517964698","https://openalex.org/W1538058927","https://openalex.org/W1550183827","https://openalex.org/W1602107991","https://openalex.org/W1843853251","https://openalex.org/W1893114205","https://openalex.org/W1963834619","https://openalex.org/W1964789258","https://openalex.org/W1970582325","https://openalex.org/W1973241518","https://openalex.org/W1981365660","https://openalex.org/W1985226606","https://openalex.org/W1989539041","https://openalex.org/W1999695055","https://openalex.org/W2003244310","https://openalex.org/W2003746414","https://openalex.org/W2014824383","https://openalex.org/W2018058208","https://openalex.org/W2025905682","https://openalex.org/W2026512191","https://openalex.org/W2031481546","https://openalex.org/W2031803460","https://openalex.org/W2049197221","https://openalex.org/W2052741019","https://openalex.org/W2056885940","https://openalex.org/W2060172013","https://openalex.org/W2060884180","https://openalex.org/W2067366242","https://openalex.org/W2075475458","https://openalex.org/W2081611442","https://openalex.org/W2081859028","https://openalex.org/W2090664287","https://openalex.org/W2107825391","https://openalex.org/W2108048688","https://openalex.org/W2112315534","https://openalex.org/W2114878155","https://openalex.org/W2115208023","https://openalex.org/W2115824886","https://openalex.org/W2116337644","https://openalex.org/W2133410947","https://openalex.org/W2133989913","https://openalex.org/W2139786769","https://openalex.org/W2140086126","https://openalex.org/W2141710657","https://openalex.org/W2146633455","https://openalex.org/W2164000572","https://openalex.org/W2167925091","https://openalex.org/W2169246875","https://openalex.org/W2169788685","https://openalex.org/W2171373670","https://openalex.org/W2419157105","https://openalex.org/W2463648627","https://openalex.org/W2464759019","https://openalex.org/W2469797871","https://openalex.org/W2501210789","https://openalex.org/W2512490041","https://openalex.org/W2543410641","https://openalex.org/W2547615222","https://openalex.org/W2587991374","https://openalex.org/W2608945298","https://openalex.org/W2755842546","https://openalex.org/W2773116467","https://openalex.org/W2793873171","https://openalex.org/W2800967633","https://openalex.org/W2810409834","https://openalex.org/W2895914560","https://openalex.org/W2897868993","https://openalex.org/W2900509991","https://openalex.org/W2906629296","https://openalex.org/W2927368913","https://openalex.org/W3139729283","https://openalex.org/W4240511371","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6610592557","https://openalex.org/W6631154775"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972495039","https://openalex.org/W2120978485","https://openalex.org/W2548109117","https://openalex.org/W2564399592","https://openalex.org/W2469797871","https://openalex.org/W3022718941","https://openalex.org/W4287812451","https://openalex.org/W1514341736","https://openalex.org/W2083226795","https://openalex.org/W2120688374"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,122,151],"effects":[1],"of":[2,37,109,117,166,186,201,230],"both":[3,94,139,173],"system":[4,47,75,98],"additive":[5,72,95,126,140,175],"and":[6,13,65,96,135,141,156,176,190],"multiplicative":[7,74,97,112,142,177],"noise":[8,48,76,113,127,143,202,237],"on":[9,125,203],"the":[10,53,78,107,115,118,136,164,167,174,187,198,208,228,231],"X-,":[11],"C-,":[12],"L-band":[14,209],"synthetic":[15],"aperture":[16],"radar":[17],"(SAR)":[18],"data":[19,181],"covering":[20],"oil":[21,32,168,204],"slicks":[22,205],"are":[23,88,194],"examined.":[24],"Prior":[25],"studies":[26],"have":[27],"attempted":[28],"to":[29,52,90,197,221,226],"characterize":[30],"such":[31],"slicks,":[33],"primarily":[34],"through":[35],"analysis":[36,185],"polarimetric":[38,241],"SAR":[39],"data.":[40,232],"In":[41,212],"this":[42,86],"article,":[43],"we":[44,214],"factor":[45],"in":[46,85,114,195],"that":[49,58,216],"is":[50,159,218],"added":[51],"backscattered":[54,80],"signal,":[55],"introducing":[56],"artifacts":[57],"can":[59],"easily":[60],"be":[61,91,131,147],"confused":[62],"with":[63],"random":[64],"volume":[66],"scattering.":[67],"This":[68,104],"confusion":[69],"occurs":[70],"when":[71,171],"and/or":[73],"dominates":[77],"measured":[79],"signal.":[81],"Polarimetric":[82],"features":[83],"used":[84],"article":[87,105],"shown":[89],"affected":[92],"by":[93,207],"noise,":[99,178],"some":[100],"more":[101],"than":[102],"others.":[103],"highlights":[106],"importance":[108],"considering":[110,172],"specifically":[111],"estimation":[116],"signal-to-noise":[119],"ratio":[120],"(SNR).":[121],"SNR":[123,137,152],"based":[124],"should":[128,144],"at":[129,145],"least":[130,146],"above":[132,148],"10":[133],"dB":[134,162],"involving":[138],"0":[149,161],"dB.":[150],"from":[153],"TerraSAR-X":[154],"(TS-X)":[155],"Radarsat-2":[157],"(RS-2)":[158],"below":[160],"for":[163,183,239],"majority":[165],"slick":[169],"pixels":[170],"rendering":[179],"these":[180],"unsuitable":[182],"any":[184,240],"scattering":[188,224,242],"properties":[189],"characterization.":[191],"These":[192],"results":[193],"contrast":[196],"reduced":[199],"impact":[200],"detected":[206],"UAVSAR":[210],"system.":[211],"particular,":[213],"find":[215],"there":[217],"no":[219],"need":[220],"invoke":[222],"exotic":[223],"mechanisms":[225],"explain":[227],"characteristics":[229],"We":[233],"also":[234],"recommend":[235],"a":[236],"subtraction":[238],"analysis.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
