{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2999600348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2019.2960751","title":"A 2-D Pseudospectral Time-Domain (PSTD) Simulator for Large-Scale Electromagnetic Scattering and Radar Sounding Applications","display_name":"A 2-D Pseudospectral Time-Domain (PSTD) Simulator for Large-Scale Electromagnetic Scattering and Radar Sounding Applications","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2999600348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2019.2960751","mag":"2999600348"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2019.2960751","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2019.2960751","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071570723","display_name":"Yang Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8377-1980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yang Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8377-1980","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080681086","display_name":"Mark Haynes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2119-2083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark S. Haynes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2119-2083","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027301362","display_name":"Darmindra D. Arumugam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9697-3859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darmindra Arumugam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9697-3859","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000372145","display_name":"C. Elachi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Elachi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071570723"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3525,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8690258,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"6","first_page":"4076","last_page":"4098"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10739","display_name":"Electromagnetic Scattering and Analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depth-sounding","display_name":"Depth sounding","score":0.6173092126846313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5771278738975525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bistatic-radar","display_name":"Bistatic radar","score":0.5624504089355469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.554592490196228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5256170630455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.512313723564148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solver","display_name":"Solver","score":0.509891152381897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.49404481053352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.44329163432121277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3732219338417053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.30913370847702026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2557293474674225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1241815984249115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55510283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1382947","display_name":"Depth sounding","level":2,"score":0.6173092126846313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5771278738975525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100102862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625855","display_name":"Bistatic radar","level":4,"score":0.5624504089355469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.554592490196228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5256170630455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.512313723564148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.509891152381897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.49404481053352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.44329163432121277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3732219338417053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.30913370847702026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2557293474674225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1241815984249115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2019.2960751","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2019.2960751","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:authors.library.caltech.edu:100767","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://authors.library.caltech.edu/100767/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402161","display_name":"CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","host_organization_name":"California Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309398","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1570895503","https://openalex.org/W1583532932","https://openalex.org/W1607823060","https://openalex.org/W1661217331","https://openalex.org/W1661856146","https://openalex.org/W1669460851","https://openalex.org/W1766888123","https://openalex.org/W1969322422","https://openalex.org/W1978280557","https://openalex.org/W1994751539","https://openalex.org/W2003017040","https://openalex.org/W2003523246","https://openalex.org/W2015313188","https://openalex.org/W2021721640","https://openalex.org/W2028239649","https://openalex.org/W2030220433","https://openalex.org/W2043572193","https://openalex.org/W2044624424","https://openalex.org/W2048289234","https://openalex.org/W2050111114","https://openalex.org/W2057688421","https://openalex.org/W2059042388","https://openalex.org/W2059206652","https://openalex.org/W2060273894","https://openalex.org/W2069328349","https://openalex.org/W2076968919","https://openalex.org/W2080921257","https://openalex.org/W2084326046","https://openalex.org/W2090843874","https://openalex.org/W2092055157","https://openalex.org/W2096257618","https://openalex.org/W2104133713","https://openalex.org/W2106812929","https://openalex.org/W2113735313","https://openalex.org/W2118611892","https://openalex.org/W2124816789","https://openalex.org/W2125602764","https://openalex.org/W2127471447","https://openalex.org/W2129624536","https://openalex.org/W2133336431","https://openalex.org/W2136751473","https://openalex.org/W2138061044","https://openalex.org/W2141967249","https://openalex.org/W2142819078","https://openalex.org/W2143295093","https://openalex.org/W2144015082","https://openalex.org/W2145484313","https://openalex.org/W2146396752","https://openalex.org/W2147633303","https://openalex.org/W2154178100","https://openalex.org/W2154484122","https://openalex.org/W2164086016","https://openalex.org/W2164393577","https://openalex.org/W2169771340","https://openalex.org/W2279616085","https://openalex.org/W2327800828","https://openalex.org/W2335077935","https://openalex.org/W2478698305","https://openalex.org/W2478884216","https://openalex.org/W2531526591","https://openalex.org/W2537337765","https://openalex.org/W2537980481","https://openalex.org/W2560134829","https://openalex.org/W2761128996","https://openalex.org/W2883412488","https://openalex.org/W2883680092","https://openalex.org/W2900819390","https://openalex.org/W2991572968","https://openalex.org/W3015604806","https://openalex.org/W3023911918","https://openalex.org/W3025489554","https://openalex.org/W4253558719","https://openalex.org/W6728512143","https://openalex.org/W6771900598","https://openalex.org/W6772347665"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2545123933","https://openalex.org/W3127689436","https://openalex.org/W3198014086","https://openalex.org/W1981675605","https://openalex.org/W2585813813","https://openalex.org/W2041414401","https://openalex.org/W2042726296","https://openalex.org/W2096748030","https://openalex.org/W3016428515","https://openalex.org/W2160730947"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,196],"article":[1],"discusses":[2],"the":[3,24,38,75,78,89,105,109,126,145,159,171,179],"implementation":[4],"of":[5,26,29,59,74,92,121,170,177,208],"a":[6,72],"2-D":[7,57,80],"pseudospectral":[8],"time-domain":[9],"(PSTD)":[10],"full-wave":[11],"simulator":[12],"for":[13,46,62,104,144,183],"solving":[14],"large-scale":[15,186,209],"low-frequency":[16],"(e.g.,":[17,151],"HF)":[18],"electromagnetic":[19],"(EM)":[20],"scattering":[21,58,81],"problems":[22,138,189],"with":[23,88,118,190,217],"application":[25],"radar":[27,82,135,187,202,218],"sounding":[28,47,137,188,203,219],"planetary":[30,215],"subsurfaces.":[31],"Compared":[32],"to":[33,54,131,200,212],"other":[34],"computational":[35],"EM":[36],"algorithms,":[37],"PSTD":[39,76,127],"solver":[40,128,180],"is":[41,86,129,181,197],"both":[42,93],"memory-efficient":[43],"and":[44,64,98,111,141,154,158,193,205],"accurate":[45,168],"applications.":[48],"New":[49],"domain":[50],"designs":[51],"are":[52,116,156,161],"developed":[53],"efficiently":[55],"simulate":[56,201],"half-space":[60],"media":[61],"normal":[63],"oblique":[65],"incidence":[66],"from":[67],"arbitrary":[68],"wave":[69],"sources.":[70],"As":[71],"validation":[73],"simulator,":[77],"simulated":[79],"cross":[83],"width":[84],"(RCW)":[85],"compared":[87],"analytical":[90],"solutions":[91],"point":[94],"targets":[95,100,160],"(dielectric":[96],"cylinders)":[97],"distributed":[99],"(random":[101],"rough":[102],"surfaces),":[103],"first":[106,146],"time,":[107,147],"where":[108,148],"frequency":[110],"angular":[112],"(bistatic":[113],"scattering)":[114],"dependence":[115],"studied":[117],"various":[119,149],"choices":[120],"grid":[122],"sampling":[123],"resolution.":[124],"Furthermore,":[125],"applied":[130],"passive":[132],"synthetic":[133],"aperture":[134],"(SAR)":[136],"(single":[139],"transmitter":[140],"several":[142],"receivers),":[143],"scenarios":[150],"cylinder,":[152],"surface,":[153],"volume)":[155],"demonstrated":[157],"correctly":[162],"resolved":[163],"after":[164],"focusing,":[165],"indicating":[166],"an":[167,175],"simulation":[169],"phase":[172],"history.":[173],"Finally,":[174],"example":[176],"using":[178],"shown":[182],"emulating":[184],"3-D":[185],"cross-track":[191],"surface":[192],"subsurface":[194,210],"scattering.":[195],"particularly":[198],"useful":[199],"returns":[204],"SAR-focused":[206],"imagery":[207],"structures":[211],"better":[213],"support":[214],"missions":[216],"instruments.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
