{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2997538880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2019.2959702","title":"Impacts of Ionospheric Irregularities on L-Band Geosynchronous Synthetic Aperture Radar","display_name":"Impacts of Ionospheric Irregularities on L-Band Geosynchronous Synthetic Aperture Radar","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2997538880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2019.2959702","mag":"2997538880"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2019.2959702","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2019.2959702","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006630987","display_name":"Yifei Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6794-5015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifei Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6794-5015","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100374669","display_name":"Yongsheng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1104-5605"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongsheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100631018","display_name":"Zhen Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9917-7628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9917-7628","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090585862","display_name":"Qilei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5718-0319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qilei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5718-0319","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044106874","display_name":"Dexin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5357-2940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dexin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5357-2940","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036660273","display_name":"Baidong Yao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097119","display_name":"PLA Electronic Engineering Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00z0n4g71","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097119"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baidong Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Earth Observation Research and Development Center, East China Research Institute of Electronic Engineering, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Earth Observation Research and Development Center, East China Research Institute of Electronic Engineering, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097119"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":27.0955,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99062237,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"6","first_page":"3941","last_page":"3954"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decorrelation","display_name":"Decorrelation","score":0.8297963738441467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.7868216037750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interplanetary-scintillation","display_name":"Interplanetary scintillation","score":0.713628888130188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scintillation","display_name":"Scintillation","score":0.6679869890213013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.6552373170852661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.6547684073448181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5952327251434326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometric-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5295461416244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geosynchronous-orbit","display_name":"Geosynchronous orbit","score":0.5038768649101257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosphere","display_name":"Ionosphere","score":0.502610445022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometry","display_name":"Interferometry","score":0.46725934743881226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.4511128067970276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/l-band","display_name":"L band","score":0.4345911145210266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.4249556064605713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4172220826148987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3235769271850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3032981753349304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.295733779668808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.25494205951690674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geophysics","display_name":"Geophysics","score":0.21741265058517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12167665362358093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-wind","display_name":"Solar wind","score":0.0981530249118805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.09720170497894287}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177860922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788608","display_name":"Decorrelation","level":2,"score":0.8297963738441467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.7868216037750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10880902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6056358","display_name":"Interplanetary scintillation","level":5,"score":0.713628888130188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102637530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078889","display_name":"Scintillation","level":3,"score":0.6679869890213013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.6552373170852661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.6547684073448181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5952327251434326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22286887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666056","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","level":3,"score":0.5295461416244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94042562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472251","display_name":"Geosynchronous orbit","level":3,"score":0.5038768649101257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116403925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219","display_name":"Ionosphere","level":2,"score":0.502610445022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.46725934743881226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.4511128067970276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133969743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2362353","display_name":"L band","level":2,"score":0.4345911145210266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.4249556064605713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4172220826148987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3235769271850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3032981753349304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.295733779668808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.25494205951690674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.21741265058517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12167665362358093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108411613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79833","display_name":"Solar wind","level":3,"score":0.0981530249118805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.09720170497894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72886185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129890","display_name":"Coronal mass ejection","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2019.2959702","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2019.2959702","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1140180784","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015DFA10270","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335830","funder_display_name":"International Science and Technology Cooperation Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3585708573","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61501477","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8860664836","display_name":"\u957f\u6ce2\u957f\u661f\u8f7d\u68ee\u6797\u751f\u7269\u91cf\u89c2\u6d4bSAR\u7535\u79bb\u5c42\u6548\u5e94\u8865\u507f\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61171123","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335830","display_name":"International Science and Technology Cooperation Programme","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W323821725","https://openalex.org/W357677209","https://openalex.org/W1524455928","https://openalex.org/W1677856379","https://openalex.org/W1805247019","https://openalex.org/W1968695384","https://openalex.org/W1985572424","https://openalex.org/W2001451883","https://openalex.org/W2012637223","https://openalex.org/W2018311501","https://openalex.org/W2020002460","https://openalex.org/W2024714333","https://openalex.org/W2031858497","https://openalex.org/W2032822047","https://openalex.org/W2046586990","https://openalex.org/W2057685718","https://openalex.org/W2060954390","https://openalex.org/W2086645833","https://openalex.org/W2099143455","https://openalex.org/W2115042111","https://openalex.org/W2141176523","https://openalex.org/W2161528515","https://openalex.org/W2242862504","https://openalex.org/W2260043084","https://openalex.org/W2261615310","https://openalex.org/W2291301454","https://openalex.org/W2291425360","https://openalex.org/W2292934524","https://openalex.org/W2308926103","https://openalex.org/W2315927680","https://openalex.org/W2461454668","https://openalex.org/W2487183854","https://openalex.org/W2515020548","https://openalex.org/W2595576079","https://openalex.org/W2606720121","https://openalex.org/W2614310094","https://openalex.org/W2614823128","https://openalex.org/W2614971353","https://openalex.org/W2615984662","https://openalex.org/W2753712583","https://openalex.org/W2778988647","https://openalex.org/W2906461641","https://openalex.org/W2944436044","https://openalex.org/W4245069116"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045104684","https://openalex.org/W1991497027","https://openalex.org/W2353188126","https://openalex.org/W2542174201","https://openalex.org/W3131672414","https://openalex.org/W2157458429","https://openalex.org/W2971183605","https://openalex.org/W2626978308","https://openalex.org/W2799559334","https://openalex.org/W2807472028"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"L-band":[1,107,141],"geosynchronous":[2],"synthetic":[3,40],"aperture":[4,41],"radar":[5],"(GEO":[6],"SAR)":[7],"system":[8],"has":[9],"to":[10,84,164],"be":[11,165],"confronted":[12],"by":[13,21],"an":[14],"intractable":[15],"issue":[16],"of":[17,70,89,115,130,188],"the":[18,25,28,36,39,48,51,59,71,77,95,106,127,131,140,159,168,174,186,189,194],"decorrelations":[19],"imposed":[20,52],"ionospheric":[22,79,124],"irregularities.":[23],"On":[24,47],"one":[26],"hand,":[27,50],"phase":[29,132,160],"and":[30,42,97,133,148,176],"amplitude":[31],"scintillations":[32],"will":[33],"bring":[34],"about":[35],"decorrelation":[37],"within":[38],"result":[43,152,183],"in":[44,113,146,157],"azimuth-imaging":[45,110],"degradation.":[46],"other":[49],"scintillation":[53,135,161],"history":[54,162],"is":[55,111,137,171],"spatially":[56],"decorrelated":[57],"across":[58],"ultra-large":[60],"GEO":[61,72,108,142,178],"SAR":[62,73,109,143,179],"scene.":[63],"In":[64],"this":[65,104],"article,":[66],"a":[67,154],"signal":[68],"model":[69,92],"acquisitionis":[74],"established":[75],"with":[76],"two-way":[78],"transfer":[80],"function":[81],"(ITF)":[82],"modulation":[83],"incorporate":[85],"these":[86],"two":[87],"types":[88],"decorrelations.":[90],"This":[91],"meanwhile":[93],"takes":[94],"anisotropic":[96],"flowing":[98],"irregularities":[99],"into":[100],"account.":[101],"By":[102],"using":[103],"model,":[105],"evaluated":[112],"terms":[114],"five":[116],"indexes,":[117],"whose":[118],"performances":[119],"are":[120],"dependent":[121],"on":[122],"nine":[123],"parameters.":[125],"Furthermore,":[126],"spatial":[128],"correlation":[129],"intensity":[134],"histories":[136],"investigated":[138,172],"for":[139],"scene,":[144,156],"both":[145],"simulation":[147,182],"statistics.":[149],"The":[150,181],"statistical":[151],"implies":[153],"sized":[155],"which":[158],"tends":[163],"consistent.":[166],"Finally,":[167],"interferometric":[169,190],"performance":[170],"between":[173],"pure":[175],"contaminated":[177],"images.":[180],"shows":[184],"that":[185],"degradation":[187],"coherence":[191],"results":[192],"from":[193],"in-aperture":[195],"decorrelation.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
