{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2997860833","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2019.2956959","title":"Thick Cloud Removal With Optical and SAR Imagery via Convolutional-Mapping-Deconvolutional Network","display_name":"Thick Cloud Removal With Optical and SAR Imagery via Convolutional-Mapping-Deconvolutional Network","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2997860833","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2019.2956959","mag":"2997860833"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2019.2956959","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2019.2956959","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100336585","display_name":"Wenbo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7432-0213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE","CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenbo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Informatics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","School of Computer Science, National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Speech and Image Information Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Computer Science, National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Speech and Image Information Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Informatics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Speech and Image Information Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Speech and Image Information Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100785617","display_name":"Ying Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7370-1754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Speech and Image Information Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Computer Science, National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Speech and Image Information Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Speech and Image Information Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Aero-Space-Ground-Ocean Big Data Application Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Speech and Image Information Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047379149","display_name":"Jonathan Cheung-Wai Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3741-1124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Cheung-Wai Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Informatics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Informatics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100336585"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542","https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3924,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93085935,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"4","first_page":"2865","last_page":"2879"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.766083836555481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6782089471817017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6652237176895142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6319368481636047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.616953432559967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5815595388412476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.5455285310745239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.4465739130973816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4432534873485565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.4344730079174042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.16121146082878113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.11536037921905518}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.766083836555481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6782089471817017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6652237176895142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6319368481636047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.616953432559967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5815595388412476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.5455285310745239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.4465739130973816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4432534873485565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.4344730079174042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.16121146082878113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.11536037921905518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2019.2956959","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2019.2956959","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2261214789","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3102019ghxm016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G259401970","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871460","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3382587581","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CX201957","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321392","funder_display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6443806977","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61876152","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321392","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54257720","https://openalex.org/W225057856","https://openalex.org/W1655403841","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1982867473","https://openalex.org/W1989632727","https://openalex.org/W1998557720","https://openalex.org/W2017169137","https://openalex.org/W2083733711","https://openalex.org/W2090702492","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2099095787","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2141200610","https://openalex.org/W2141504882","https://openalex.org/W2145569126","https://openalex.org/W2508457857","https://openalex.org/W2520164769","https://openalex.org/W2577238056","https://openalex.org/W2601589328","https://openalex.org/W2606915788","https://openalex.org/W2736566689","https://openalex.org/W2754152507","https://openalex.org/W2788008270","https://openalex.org/W2795478733","https://openalex.org/W2800725014","https://openalex.org/W2801586435","https://openalex.org/W2802410550","https://openalex.org/W2810055113","https://openalex.org/W2884551749","https://openalex.org/W2908512565","https://openalex.org/W2922288958","https://openalex.org/W2925392274","https://openalex.org/W2941387379","https://openalex.org/W2964046669","https://openalex.org/W3103964896","https://openalex.org/W6608829868","https://openalex.org/W6637242042","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6726381175"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4244478748","https://openalex.org/W4223488648","https://openalex.org/W2134969820","https://openalex.org/W2044092692","https://openalex.org/W2614621130","https://openalex.org/W2008518276","https://openalex.org/W2547665164","https://openalex.org/W3103111272","https://openalex.org/W4289655544","https://openalex.org/W2152662390"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,96],"this":[1],"article,":[2],"we":[3],"proposed":[4,22,222,230],"a":[5,46],"thick":[6],"cloud":[7,224],"removal":[8,225],"method":[9,231],"for":[10,82,87,94],"remote-sensing":[11],"imagery":[12],"based":[13],"on":[14],"multisource":[15,30,223],"estimation.":[16],"A":[17],"convolutional-mapping-deconvolutional":[18],"(CMD)":[19],"network":[20],"is":[21,73,124,128,232],"to":[23,59,115,130,159,192],"estimate":[24,131],"the":[25,61,65,79,84,91,97,117,121,132,153,160,166,180,186,195,203,213],"cloud-free":[26,103,176,215],"image":[27,37,44,178,189,197],"directly":[28],"from":[29,45,102,212],"reference":[31,57,111,141,147],"images.":[32,142],"Synthetic":[33],"aperture":[34],"radar":[35],"(SAR)":[36],"and":[38,90,105,109,139,145,239],"low-resolution":[39],"heterogeneous":[40],"(LRH)":[41],"image,":[42],"namely,":[43],"different":[47],"optical":[48],"sensor":[49],"with":[50,135,219],"lower":[51],"spatial":[52],"resolution,":[53],"are":[54,113,149,172,190,206],"used":[55,114,191],"as":[56,234],"images":[58,101,112,134,148],"recover":[60],"missing":[62],"information":[63],"in":[64,185],"cloud-contaminated":[66,187],"high-resolution":[67],"(HR)":[68],"image.":[69,217],"The":[70,143,169],"CMD":[71,118,122],"net":[72,123],"composed":[74],"of":[75],"three":[76],"functional":[77],"components:":[78],"convolutional":[80,154],"layers":[81,93,155],"encoding,":[83],"mapping":[85,167],"layer":[86],"feature":[88,161],"transferring,":[89],"deconvolutional":[92,181],"decoding.":[95],"training":[98],"procedure,":[99],"HR":[100,133,164,177,188,216],"regions":[104,184],"their":[106,136,209],"corresponding":[107,137,210],"LRH":[108,138,144],"SAR":[110,140,146],"train":[116],"net.":[119],"When":[120],"fully":[125],"trained,":[126],"it":[127],"able":[129],"first":[150],"encoded":[151],"by":[152,165,179,208,236],"before":[156],"being":[157],"transferred":[158,170],"space":[162],"at":[163],"layer.":[168],"features":[171],"then":[173],"decoded":[174],"into":[175],"layers.":[182],"Cloud-free":[183],"further":[193],"improve":[194],"estimated":[196,214],"via":[198],"intensity":[199],"normalization.":[200],"At":[201],"last,":[202],"cloudy":[204],"pixels":[205,211],"replaced":[207],"Comparisons":[218],"several":[220],"recently":[221],"methods":[226],"show":[227],"that":[228],"our":[229],"superior":[233],"validated":[235],"quantitative":[237],"indexes":[238],"visual":[240],"inspections.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
