{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2982549092","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2019.2945875","title":"MEO SAR: System Concepts and Analysis","display_name":"MEO SAR: System Concepts and Analysis","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2982549092","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2019.2945875","mag":"2982549092"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2019.2945875","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2019.2945875","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064165963","display_name":"Jalal Matar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5007-3713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jalal Matar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microwave and Radar Institute, German Aerospace Center (DLR), We\u00dfling, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwave and Radar Institute, German Aerospace Center (DLR), We\u00dfling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026715371","display_name":"Marc Rodr\u00edguez-Cassol\u00e0","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Rodriguez-Cassola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microwave and Radar Institute, German Aerospace Center (DLR), We\u00dfling, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwave and Radar Institute, German Aerospace Center (DLR), We\u00dfling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038360917","display_name":"Gerhard Krieger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4548-0285"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerhard Krieger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microwave and Radar Institute, German Aerospace Center (DLR), We\u00dfling, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwave and Radar Institute, German Aerospace Center (DLR), We\u00dfling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031484159","display_name":"Paco L\u00f3pez\u2010Dekker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0221-4403"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paco Lopez-Dekker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014119546","display_name":"Alberto Moreira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3436-9653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Moreira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microwave and Radar Institute, German Aerospace Center (DLR), We\u00dfling, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwave and Radar Institute, German Aerospace Center (DLR), We\u00dfling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064165963"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":{"value":1251,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1349},"fwci":24.7945,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99030432,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"2","first_page":"1313","last_page":"1324"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7935640811920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.756481945514679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geosynchronous-orbit","display_name":"Geosynchronous orbit","score":0.7339722514152527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.4751669764518738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.46560150384902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-based-radar","display_name":"Space-based radar","score":0.4565730392932892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometry","display_name":"Interferometry","score":0.4505487084388733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visibility","display_name":"Visibility","score":0.43724238872528076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orbit","display_name":"Orbit (dynamics)","score":0.43657350540161133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4327925145626068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.42943358421325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.4191338121891022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earth-observation","display_name":"Earth observation","score":0.41006743907928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4000089466571808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.39676618576049805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.38223737478256226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.3545548617839813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3453827500343323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.21796223521232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bistatic-radar","display_name":"Bistatic radar","score":0.21539363265037537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1533224880695343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.11305931210517883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy","display_name":"Astronomy","score":0.10139462351799011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09563219547271729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.08916771411895752}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7935640811920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.756481945514679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94042562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q472251","display_name":"Geosynchronous orbit","level":3,"score":0.7339722514152527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.4751669764518738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.46560150384902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36067731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7572176","display_name":"Space-based radar","level":5,"score":0.4565730392932892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.4505487084388733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123403432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654068","display_name":"Visibility","level":2,"score":0.43724238872528076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196644772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3884964","display_name":"Orbit (dynamics)","level":2,"score":0.43657350540161133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4327925145626068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.42943358421325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4191338121891022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39399123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1348989","display_name":"Earth observation","level":3,"score":0.41006743907928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4000089466571808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.39676618576049805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.38223737478256226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.3545548617839813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3453827500343323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.21796223521232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100102862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625855","display_name":"Bistatic radar","level":4,"score":0.21539363265037537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1533224880695343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.11305931210517883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.10139462351799011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09563219547271729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.08916771411895752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2019.2945875","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2019.2945875","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:131324","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2019.2945875>.","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:0b830b28-1ef9-47fd-9f09-4653ebfb46d9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0b830b28-1ef9-47fd-9f09-4653ebfb46d9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321602","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W53995680","https://openalex.org/W75158322","https://openalex.org/W1491677990","https://openalex.org/W1495763863","https://openalex.org/W1509035750","https://openalex.org/W1546983088","https://openalex.org/W1613855808","https://openalex.org/W1920735543","https://openalex.org/W1984670836","https://openalex.org/W1988549476","https://openalex.org/W2004503428","https://openalex.org/W2005921149","https://openalex.org/W2008997557","https://openalex.org/W2025969570","https://openalex.org/W2029609689","https://openalex.org/W2046272636","https://openalex.org/W2052606333","https://openalex.org/W2088222920","https://openalex.org/W2092413998","https://openalex.org/W2110964282","https://openalex.org/W2111415567","https://openalex.org/W2128960312","https://openalex.org/W2135247127","https://openalex.org/W2154238733","https://openalex.org/W2155841656","https://openalex.org/W2156606791","https://openalex.org/W2158898891","https://openalex.org/W2167325562","https://openalex.org/W2253377573","https://openalex.org/W2413225382","https://openalex.org/W2778075372","https://openalex.org/W2778988647","https://openalex.org/W2784252339","https://openalex.org/W2807958954","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6602187721","https://openalex.org/W6603099011","https://openalex.org/W6632642411","https://openalex.org/W6636625883"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2099143455","https://openalex.org/W1606621011","https://openalex.org/W2026057110","https://openalex.org/W2019827537","https://openalex.org/W2541023996","https://openalex.org/W2499626433","https://openalex.org/W1985097921","https://openalex.org/W2131023967","https://openalex.org/W4246431792","https://openalex.org/W2467259841"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"microwave":[1],"remote":[2],"sensing":[3],"instruments":[4],"used":[5],"for":[6,178],"Earth":[7,85],"observation":[8],"face":[9],"a":[10,106],"clear":[11,107],"tradeoff":[12],"between":[13,63],"spatial":[14,115],"resolution":[15,127],"and":[16,93,119,147,185],"revisit":[17,122,166],"times":[18],"at":[19,33,42,78,89,133],"global":[20,120,160],"scales.":[21],"The":[22,150],"typical":[23,50],"imaging":[24],"capabilities":[25],"of":[26,51,83,114,131,142,152],"current":[27],"systems":[28],"range":[29],"from":[30],"daily":[31,134],"observations":[32],"kilometer-scale":[34],"resolutions":[35,41],"provided":[36],"by":[37],"scatterometers":[38],"to":[39,59,68,109,159,164],"meter-scale":[40],"lower":[43],"temporal":[44,121],"rates":[45],"(more":[46],"than":[47],"ten":[48],"days)":[49],"synthetic":[52],"aperture":[53],"radars":[54],"(SARs).":[55],"A":[56],"natural":[57],"way":[58],"fill":[60],"the":[61,81,95,139,157],"gap":[62],"these":[64,153],"two":[65],"extremes":[66],"is":[67],"use":[69,151],"medium-Earth-orbit":[70],"SAR":[71,104,175],"(MEO-SAR)":[72],"systems.":[73],"MEO":[74,103,143,174],"satellites":[75],"are":[76],"deployed":[77],"altitudes":[79],"above":[80],"region":[82],"low":[84],"orbits":[86,97,155],"(LEOs),":[87],"ending":[88],"around":[90],"2000":[91],"km":[92],"below":[94],"geosynchronous":[96],"(GEOs)":[98],"near":[99],"35":[100],"786":[101],"km.":[102],"shows":[105],"potential":[108],"provide":[110],"advantages":[111],"in":[112,162],"terms":[113],"coverage,":[116],"downlink":[117],"visibility,":[118],"times,":[123],"e.g.,":[124],"providing":[125],"moderate":[126],"images":[128],"(some":[129],"tens":[130],"meters)":[132],"rates.":[135],"This":[136],"article":[137],"discusses":[138],"design":[140],"tradeoffs":[141],"SAR,":[144],"including":[145],"sensitivity":[146],"orbit":[148],"selection.":[149],"higher":[154],"opens":[156],"door":[158],"coverage":[161,169],"one-":[163],"two-day":[165],"or":[167],"continental/oceanic":[168],"with":[170,182],"multidaily":[171],"observations,":[172],"making":[173],"very":[176],"attractive":[177],"future":[179],"scientific":[180],"missions":[181],"specific":[183],"interferometric":[184],"polarimetric":[186],"capabilities.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
