{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2960596867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2019.2922163","title":"Remote Sensing of Sea Ice Thickness and Salinity With 0.5\u20132 GHz Microwave Radiometry","display_name":"Remote Sensing of Sea Ice Thickness and Salinity With 0.5\u20132 GHz Microwave Radiometry","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2960596867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2019.2922163","mag":"2960596867"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2019.2922163","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2019.2922163","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017594205","display_name":"Kenneth C. Jezek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0274-9755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth C. Jezek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023721821","display_name":"R. Kwok","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4051-5896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald Kwok","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064268445","display_name":"Lars Kaleschke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7086-3299"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127251866","display_name":"Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Polar- und Meeresforschung","ror":"https://ror.org/032e6b942","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127251866","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lars Kaleschke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127251866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076219473","display_name":"Domenic Belgiovane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0995-4567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2948394018","display_name":"Northrop Grumman (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05kewds18","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2948394018"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Domenic J. Belgiovane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northrop Grumman, Dayton, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northrop Grumman, Dayton, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2948394018"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089338867","display_name":"Chi\u2010Chih Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6016-7708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chi-Chih Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["ElectroScience Laboratory, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ElectroScience Laboratory, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004887853","display_name":"Alexandra Bringer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9508-8954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandra Bringer","raw_affiliation_strings":["ElectroScience Laboratory, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ElectroScience Laboratory, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004567285","display_name":"Joel T. Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6921-6059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel T. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["ElectroScience Laboratory, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ElectroScience Laboratory, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060994618","display_name":"Oguz Demir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-8481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oguz Demir","raw_affiliation_strings":["ElectroScience Laboratory, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ElectroScience Laboratory, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053569403","display_name":"Mark Andrews","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6088-2832"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark J. Andrews","raw_affiliation_strings":["ElectroScience Laboratory, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ElectroScience Laboratory, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077563081","display_name":"Giovanni Macelloni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9738-7939"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Macelloni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Applied Physics, Florence, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Applied Physics, Florence, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089532606","display_name":"Marco Brogioni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6232-6020"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Brogioni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Applied Physics, Florence, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Applied Physics, Florence, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086343179","display_name":"Marion Leduc\u2010Leballeur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7579-7024"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marion Leduc-Leballeur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Applied Physics, Florence, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Applied Physics, Florence, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090060473","display_name":"Shurun Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7331-3484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shurun Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University\u2013University of Illinois at Urban\u2013Champaign Institute, International Campus Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University\u2013University of Illinois at Urban\u2013Champaign Institute, International Campus Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692","https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090757725","display_name":"Leung Tsang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3192-2799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leung Tsang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Radiation Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Radiation Laboratory, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":14,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017594205"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0821,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86373004,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"11","first_page":"8672","last_page":"8684"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice","display_name":"Sea ice","score":0.7984271049499512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice-thickness","display_name":"Sea ice thickness","score":0.7335363030433655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-ice-concentration","display_name":"Sea ice concentration","score":0.6450779438018799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.6283476948738098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic-ice-pack","display_name":"Arctic ice pack","score":0.5679209232330322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5641758441925049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5376682281494141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness-temperature","display_name":"Brightness temperature","score":0.5343244671821594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometry","display_name":"Radiometry","score":0.516532838344574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arctic","display_name":"Arctic","score":0.48343905806541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometer","display_name":"Radiometer","score":0.4431183934211731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.2590011656284332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness","display_name":"Brightness","score":0.24728310108184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.12217307090759277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1103629469871521}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136894858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926","display_name":"Sea ice","level":2,"score":0.7984271049499512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149767477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7440066","display_name":"Sea ice thickness","level":4,"score":0.7335363030433655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194520297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7440064","display_name":"Sea ice concentration","level":5,"score":0.6450779438018799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.6283476948738098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161798024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3651008","display_name":"Arctic ice pack","level":3,"score":0.5679209232330322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5641758441925049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5376682281494141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53802167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4538627","display_name":"Brightness temperature","level":3,"score":0.5343244671821594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87456703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q247760","display_name":"Radiometry","level":2,"score":0.516532838344574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518008717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25322","display_name":"Arctic","level":2,"score":0.48343905806541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120189094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850281","display_name":"Radiometer","level":2,"score":0.4431183934211731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.2590011656284332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125245961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221656","display_name":"Brightness","level":2,"score":0.24728310108184814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.12217307090759277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1103629469871521}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2019.2922163","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2019.2922163","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482393903","https://openalex.org/W1519949070","https://openalex.org/W1532349165","https://openalex.org/W1532691246","https://openalex.org/W1553180896","https://openalex.org/W1608677044","https://openalex.org/W1662762169","https://openalex.org/W1972348084","https://openalex.org/W1976264865","https://openalex.org/W1978485516","https://openalex.org/W2005188028","https://openalex.org/W2013641102","https://openalex.org/W2097549399","https://openalex.org/W2103164730","https://openalex.org/W2121745948","https://openalex.org/W2128822883","https://openalex.org/W2141482216","https://openalex.org/W2152116549","https://openalex.org/W2166828747","https://openalex.org/W2169784278","https://openalex.org/W2270192226","https://openalex.org/W2297508164","https://openalex.org/W2302215634","https://openalex.org/W2309493739","https://openalex.org/W2547526306","https://openalex.org/W2560437340","https://openalex.org/W2580916971","https://openalex.org/W2601373854","https://openalex.org/W2765828705","https://openalex.org/W2767375425","https://openalex.org/W2767480666","https://openalex.org/W2799597369","https://openalex.org/W2897516365","https://openalex.org/W2900699317","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W206690607","https://openalex.org/W4221057659","https://openalex.org/W1999943952","https://openalex.org/W2486603219","https://openalex.org/W3118382281","https://openalex.org/W1981028522","https://openalex.org/W2057155177","https://openalex.org/W2584433234","https://openalex.org/W4240873802","https://openalex.org/W4391594069"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"ultrawideband":[1],"radiometer":[2],"was":[3,90],"used":[4,92],"to":[5,34,46,93],"measure":[6],"microwave":[7],"brightness":[8],"temperature":[9],"spectra":[10,96],"over":[11,26],"Arctic":[12],"sea":[13,82,86,98],"ice":[14,67,83,99,108,112],"in":[15,114,135],"the":[16,20,27,40,95,115,136],"Lincoln":[17,116],"Sea":[18],"near":[19],"north":[21],"coast":[22],"of":[23,29,77,81,128],"Greenland.":[24],"Spectra":[25],"range":[28],"0.5-2":[30],"GHz":[31],"were":[32,62,105],"compared":[33,45],"thermal":[35],"infrared":[36],"images":[37],"collected":[38],"during":[39],"airborne":[41],"campaign":[42],"and":[43,68,88,101,131],"also":[44],"nearly":[47],"concurrent":[48],"Sentinel-1":[49],"C-band":[50],"synthetic":[51],"aperture":[52],"radar":[53],"(SAR)":[54],"data.":[55],"Based":[56],"on":[57],"those":[58],"comparisons,":[59],"spectral":[60],"signatures":[61],"associated":[63],"with":[64,107],"thick":[65],"multiyear":[66],"thin":[69],"ice.":[70],"A":[71],"radiative":[72],"transfer":[73],"(RT)":[74],"model":[75],"consisting":[76],"a":[78,126],"homogeneous":[79],"slab":[80],"bounded":[84],"by":[85],"water":[87],"air":[89],"then":[91],"invert":[94],"for":[97,111],"thickness":[100,109],"salinity.":[102],"Inferred":[103],"thicknesses":[104],"consistent":[106],"climatology":[110],"floes":[113],"Sea.":[117],"Salinities":[118],"are":[119],"higher":[120],"than":[121],"expected":[122],"which":[123],"may":[124],"be":[125],"consequence":[127],"neglecting":[129],"surface":[130],"volume":[132],"scattering":[133],"contributions":[134],"models.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}