{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2953742011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2019.2922070","title":"Surface Roughness-Induced Spectral Degradation of Multi-Spaceborne Solar Diffusers Due to Space Radiation Exposure","display_name":"Surface Roughness-Induced Spectral Degradation of Multi-Spaceborne Solar Diffusers Due to Space Radiation Exposure","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2953742011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2019.2922070","mag":"2953742011"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2019.2922070","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2019.2922070","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016051584","display_name":"Xi Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1589-7098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166037","display_name":"Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites","ror":"https://ror.org/05nc0nk71","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166037"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Astronomy, Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites (CICS), University of Maryland, College Park, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1589-7098","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Astronomy, Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites (CICS), University of Maryland, College Park, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166037","https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029389491","display_name":"Tung-Chang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6772-7915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166037","display_name":"Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites","ror":"https://ror.org/05nc0nk71","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166037"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tung-Chang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Astronomy, Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites (CICS), University of Maryland, College Park, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6772-7915","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Astronomy, Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites (CICS), University of Maryland, College Park, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166037","https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051582050","display_name":"Xiaoxiong Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9567-511X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoxiong Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sciences and Exploration Directorate, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9567-511X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sciences and Exploration Directorate, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002532527","display_name":"Changyong Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3572-6525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089050","display_name":"NOAA National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service","ror":"https://ror.org/007qwym43","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I4210089050"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133019","display_name":"NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03yn06t56","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I4210089050","https://openalex.org/I4210133019"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changyong Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, College Park, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, College Park, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133019","https://openalex.org/I4210089050"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029196635","display_name":"Taeyoung Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4596-989X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105893","display_name":"Global Science & Technology (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01a5ymr35","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105893"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taeyoung Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Global Science & Technology, Inc., Greenbelt, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4596-989X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Science & Technology, Inc., Greenbelt, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105893"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027939926","display_name":"Amit Angal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3333-8158"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144891","display_name":"Science Systems and Applications (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03xec1444","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144891"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amit Angal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3333-8158","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144891"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.9225,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98948259,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"11","first_page":"8658","last_page":"8671"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12019","display_name":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12019","display_name":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11320","display_name":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-roughness","display_name":"Surface roughness","score":0.6610233783721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometer","display_name":"Radiometer","score":0.6384175419807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6287801265716553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectroradiometer","display_name":"Spectroradiometer","score":0.5456684827804565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.531891405582428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5272347331047058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-finish","display_name":"Surface finish","score":0.46533504128456116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bidirectional-reflectance-distribution-function","display_name":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function","score":0.4551007151603699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometry","display_name":"Radiometry","score":0.43078097701072693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emissivity","display_name":"Emissivity","score":0.4279058277606964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4011213481426239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"Reflectivity","score":0.1774235963821411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1401374638080597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.08317837119102478}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107365816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114817","display_name":"Surface roughness","level":2,"score":0.6610233783721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120189094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850281","display_name":"Radiometer","level":2,"score":0.6384175419807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6287801265716553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130066347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q680509","display_name":"Spectroradiometer","level":3,"score":0.5456684827804565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.531891405582428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5272347331047058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71039073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3439090","display_name":"Surface finish","level":2,"score":0.46533504128456116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151596937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856980","display_name":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function","level":3,"score":0.4551007151603699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87456703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q247760","display_name":"Radiometry","level":2,"score":0.43078097701072693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163651212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899670","display_name":"Emissivity","level":2,"score":0.4279058277606964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4011213481426239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.1774235963821411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1401374638080597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.08317837119102478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2019.2922070","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2019.2922070","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4759940993","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNX17AE79A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332377","funder_display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332377","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W38255674","https://openalex.org/W629416703","https://openalex.org/W1520887929","https://openalex.org/W1827381938","https://openalex.org/W1926316027","https://openalex.org/W1966304250","https://openalex.org/W1980220731","https://openalex.org/W1981356787","https://openalex.org/W1997351406","https://openalex.org/W2001016321","https://openalex.org/W2027675750","https://openalex.org/W2038986903","https://openalex.org/W2051481444","https://openalex.org/W2066050626","https://openalex.org/W2068582210","https://openalex.org/W2070157607","https://openalex.org/W2077047960","https://openalex.org/W2089615453","https://openalex.org/W2090000228","https://openalex.org/W2118030331","https://openalex.org/W2122344139","https://openalex.org/W2125926309","https://openalex.org/W2130544124","https://openalex.org/W2137017192","https://openalex.org/W2140741445","https://openalex.org/W2144055342","https://openalex.org/W2146619645","https://openalex.org/W2150730809","https://openalex.org/W2166190477","https://openalex.org/W2283912079","https://openalex.org/W2299813989","https://openalex.org/W2313911624","https://openalex.org/W2496931527","https://openalex.org/W2496971098","https://openalex.org/W2563211467","https://openalex.org/W2576289730","https://openalex.org/W2749154356","https://openalex.org/W2754033441","https://openalex.org/W2886394542","https://openalex.org/W2892362035","https://openalex.org/W2899496978","https://openalex.org/W2911636767","https://openalex.org/W2951938136","https://openalex.org/W3125363192"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2348693871","https://openalex.org/W2005184080","https://openalex.org/W2171182724","https://openalex.org/W2138666440","https://openalex.org/W4303980425","https://openalex.org/W2000355450","https://openalex.org/W2156260485","https://openalex.org/W2018712804","https://openalex.org/W1981340738","https://openalex.org/W2137763270"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Solar":[0],"diffusers":[1],"(SDs)":[2],"have":[3],"often":[4],"been":[5],"used":[6],"as":[7,57],"the":[8,12,24,58,69,91,98,113,120,123,128,136,149,156,165,169,176,181,191,196,200,209,221,227,242,248],"onboard":[9,51],"calibrators":[10],"for":[11,90,203],"radiometric":[13],"calibration":[14],"of":[15,26,49,82,122,127,138,145,151,168,183,199,220,223,241,247],"reflective":[16],"solar":[17,39],"band":[18],"imaging":[19,54],"sensors.":[20],"After":[21],"being":[22],"spaceborne,":[23],"reflectance":[25,47,81,230],"SDs":[27,50,83,129,157,206,236],"is":[28,109,130,133,143,187],"observed":[29],"to":[30,36,38,111,175],"degrade":[31],"with":[32,226],"spectral":[33,46,229],"dependence":[34],"due":[35],"exposure":[37,178],"UV":[40],"and":[41,66,68,119,161,180,215,244],"energetic":[42],"particle":[43],"radiation.":[44],"Long-term":[45],"data":[48,231],"multiple":[52],"LEO":[53],"sensors,":[55],"such":[56],"Moderate":[59],"Resolution":[60],"Imaging":[61,72],"Spectroradiometer":[62],"(MODIS)":[63],"on":[64,76,84,116,158],"Terra":[65],"Aqua":[67],"Visible":[70],"Infrared":[71],"Radiometer":[73],"Suite":[74],"(VIIRS)":[75],"SNPP,":[77],"are":[78,172],"analyzed.":[79],"The":[80,102,218],"these":[85,117,204],"three":[86,205,233],"instruments":[87],"degrades":[88],"faster":[89],"shorter":[92],"wavelength":[93,100],"(0.4-0.6":[94],"\u03bcm)":[95],"bands":[96],"than":[97],"longer":[99],"bands.":[101],"Surface":[103],"Roughness-induced":[104],"Rayleigh":[105],"Scattering":[106],"(SRRS)":[107],"model":[108,225],"applied":[110],"simulate":[112],"SD":[114,177,249],"degradation":[115],"instruments,":[118,164],"growth":[121,153,170,197],"surface":[124,139,184,201],"roughness":[125,140,152,202],"parameter":[126],"derived.":[131],"It":[132,186],"determined":[134],"that":[135,190],"change":[137],"scale":[141],"length":[142],"~tens":[144],"nanometers.":[146],"To":[147],"show":[148],"consistency":[150],"rates":[154,171],"among":[155],"Terra/Aqua":[159],"MODIS":[160],"SNPP":[162],"VIIRS":[163],"functional":[166],"dependences":[167],"characterized":[173],"according":[174],"time":[179],"stage":[182],"roughness.":[185],"also":[188],"found":[189],"flattening":[192],"or":[193],"reverse":[194],"in":[195],"trend":[198],"occurred":[207],"around":[208],"same":[210],"interval":[211],"between":[212],"October":[213,216],"2013":[214],"2015.":[217],"confirmation":[219],"applicability":[222],"SRRS":[224],"long-term":[228],"from":[232],"independent":[234],"spaceborne":[235],"facilitates":[237],"a":[238],"better":[239],"understanding":[240],"origin":[243],"physical":[245],"processes":[246],"degradation.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}