{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2911305027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2019.2893115","title":"A Deep Scene Representation for Aerial Scene Classification","display_name":"A Deep Scene Representation for Aerial Scene Classification","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2911305027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2019.2893115","mag":"2911305027"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2019.2893115","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2019.2893115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://ir.opt.ac.cn/handle/181661/31572","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007883693","display_name":"Xiangtao Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8398-6324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144662","display_name":"Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics","ror":"https://ror.org/0444j5556","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangtao Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology CAS, Xi\u2019an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an, China","Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology CAS, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8398-6324","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology CAS, Xi\u2019an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology CAS, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100334733","display_name":"Yuan Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7964-6514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Optical Imagery Analysis and Learning, School of the Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","Center for Optical Imagery Analysis and Learning, School of the Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Optical Imagery Analysis and Learning, School of the Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Optical Imagery Analysis and Learning, School of the Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018824735","display_name":"Xiaoqiang Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7037-5188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144662","display_name":"Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics","ror":"https://ror.org/0444j5556","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoqiang Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology CAS, Xi\u2019an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an, China","Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology CAS, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7037-5188","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology CAS, Xi\u2019an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology CAS, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210144662"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.6869,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":132,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98889604,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"7","first_page":"4799","last_page":"4809"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.8295708894729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8001570105552673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerial-image","display_name":"Aerial image","score":0.7876524925231934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.7311693429946899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6927427053451538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6636632084846497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5137880444526672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.5070867538452148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerial-imagery","display_name":"Aerial imagery","score":0.4917033314704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.46583691239356995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.45788848400115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4575137495994568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.445686936378479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.1984819769859314}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.8295708894729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8001570105552673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776429412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4688011","display_name":"Aerial image","level":3,"score":0.7876524925231934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.7311693429946899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6927427053451538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6636632084846497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5137880444526672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.5070867538452148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987819851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191839","display_name":"Aerial imagery","level":2,"score":0.4917033314704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.46583691239356995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.45788848400115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4575137495994568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.445686936378479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1984819769859314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tgrs.2019.2893115","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2019.2893115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111326731","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0196-2892","issn":["0196-2892","1558-0644"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.opt.ac.cn:181661/31572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ir.opt.ac.cn/handle/181661/31572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196962","display_name":"Institutional Repository of Xi'an Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Xian Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210144662","host_organization_name":"Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144662"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"\u671f\u520a\u8bba\u6587"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.opt.ac.cn:181661/31572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ir.opt.ac.cn/handle/181661/31572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196962","display_name":"Institutional Repository of Xi'an Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Xian Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210144662","host_organization_name":"Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144662"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"\u671f\u520a\u8bba\u6587"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2926447122","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"QYZDB-SSW-JSC015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3696607175","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SKLST2017010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335635","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3810805587","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61806193","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7869768529","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u9ad8\u5149\u8c31\u5f02\u5e38\u68c0\u6d4b","funder_award_id":"61772510","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335635","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1524680991","https://openalex.org/W1544008493","https://openalex.org/W1576332977","https://openalex.org/W1624854622","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1909952827","https://openalex.org/W1912954554","https://openalex.org/W1950136256","https://openalex.org/W1958291604","https://openalex.org/W1963882359","https://openalex.org/W1966385142","https://openalex.org/W1968591910","https://openalex.org/W1980038761","https://openalex.org/W1984309565","https://openalex.org/W2020912318","https://openalex.org/W2033849598","https://openalex.org/W2066941820","https://openalex.org/W2080142539","https://openalex.org/W2086866337","https://openalex.org/W2097018403","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2098676252","https://openalex.org/W2130325614","https://openalex.org/W2131846894","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2162915993","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2179352600","https://openalex.org/W2190186811","https://openalex.org/W2191616647","https://openalex.org/W2211843587","https://openalex.org/W2244956674","https://openalex.org/W2320738207","https://openalex.org/W2346039076","https://openalex.org/W2510154752","https://openalex.org/W2515866431","https://openalex.org/W2530006000","https://openalex.org/W2538244214","https://openalex.org/W2588000623","https://openalex.org/W2620179114","https://openalex.org/W2620429297","https://openalex.org/W2620858446","https://openalex.org/W2719511702","https://openalex.org/W2727875856","https://openalex.org/W2744582969","https://openalex.org/W2767581044","https://openalex.org/W2779054585","https://openalex.org/W2782266583","https://openalex.org/W2783165089","https://openalex.org/W2792088634","https://openalex.org/W2963173190","https://openalex.org/W3098722327","https://openalex.org/W3100245404","https://openalex.org/W3105577662","https://openalex.org/W4232730838","https://openalex.org/W6674642818","https://openalex.org/W6684191040"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206298888","https://openalex.org/W3110585990","https://openalex.org/W4283696875","https://openalex.org/W2921211943","https://openalex.org/W4385767632","https://openalex.org/W2889866244","https://openalex.org/W2898690910","https://openalex.org/W2784132289","https://openalex.org/W4286697184","https://openalex.org/W2889700547"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,13,72,115,125,174],"fundamental":[2],"problem":[3],"in":[4,34,136],"earth":[5],"observation,":[6],"aerial":[7,19,35,46,62,147,163],"scene":[8,36,63,74,164],"classification":[9],"tries":[10],"to":[11,17,45,76],"assign":[12],"specific":[14],"semantic":[15],"label":[16],"an":[18],"image.":[20],"In":[21],"recent":[22],"years,":[23],"the":[24,59,78,86,97,119,169,180],"deep":[25,73],"convolutional":[26,99],"neural":[27],"networks":[28],"(CNNs)":[29],"have":[30],"shown":[31],"advanced":[32],"performances":[33],"classification.":[37,64],"The":[38,89,140],"successful":[39],"pretrained":[40,102],"CNNs":[41],"can":[42,178],"be":[43],"transferable":[44],"images.":[47],"However,":[48],"global":[49,152],"CNN":[50,81,94,153],"activations":[51,95,154],"may":[52],"lack":[53],"geometric":[54],"invariance":[55,79],"and,":[56],"therefore,":[57],"limit":[58],"improvement":[60],"of":[61,80,101],"To":[65],"address":[66],"this":[67,69],"problem,":[68],"paper":[70],"proposes":[71],"representation":[75,117,142],"achieve":[77,179],"features":[82],"and":[83,112,127,149],"further":[84],"enhance":[85],"discriminative":[87],"power.":[88],"proposed":[90,141,170],"method:":[91],"1)":[92],"extracts":[93],"from":[96],"last":[98],"layer":[100],"CNN;":[103],"2)":[104],"performs":[105],"multiscale":[106,129,133],"pooling":[107],"(MSP)":[108],"on":[109,161],"these":[110],"activations;":[111],"3)":[113],"builds":[114],"holistic":[116],"by":[118],"Fisher":[120],"vector":[121],"method.":[122],"MSP":[123],"is":[124,143],"simple":[126,175],"effective":[128],"strategy,":[130],"which":[131],"enriches":[132],"spatial":[134],"information":[135],"affordable":[137],"computational":[138],"time.":[139],"particularly":[144],"suited":[145],"at":[146],"scenes":[148],"consistently":[150],"outperforms":[151],"without":[155],"requiring":[156],"feature":[157],"adaptation.":[158],"Extensive":[159],"experiments":[160],"five":[162],"data":[165],"sets":[166],"indicate":[167],"that":[168],"method,":[171],"even":[172],"with":[173],"linear":[176],"classifier,":[177],"state-of-the-art":[181],"performance.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}